Site.ObjectsInTheCollection History
Hide minor edits - Show changes to markup - Cancel
| ~150–100 BC: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - basic form by Kostas Kotsanas | |
| ~1150–100 BC: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - with orrery by John Lancashire |
| ‘~150–100 BC’: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - basic form by Kostas Kotsanas | |
| ‘~1150–100 BC’: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - with orrery by John Lancashire |
| ~150–100 BC: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model by Kostas Kotsanas | |
| ~1150–100 BC: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model by John Lancashire |
| ~150–100 BC: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - basic form by Kostas Kotsanas | |
| ~1150–100 BC: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - with orrery by John Lancashire |
| ~150–100 BC: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - basic form by Kostas Kotsanas | |
| ~1150–100 BC: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - with orrery by John Lancashire |
| ~150–100 BC: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model by Kostas Kotsanas | |
| ~1150–100 BC: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model by John Lancashire |
| ~150–100 BC: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - basic form by Kostas Kotsanas | |
| ~1150–100 BC: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - with orrery by John Lancashire |
| ~150–100 BC: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - basic form by Kostas Kotsanas | |
| ~1150–100 BC: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - with orrery by John Lancashire |
| ‘~150–100 BC’: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - basic form by Kostas Kotsanas | |
| ‘~1150–100 BC’: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - with orrery by John Lancashire |
| ~150–100 BC: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - basic form by Kostas Kotsanas | |
| ~1150–100 BC: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - with orrery by John Lancashire |
| ‘~150–100 BC’: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - basic form by Kostas Kotsanas | |
| ‘~1150–100 BC’: Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - with orrery by John Lancashire |
| ~1876: Tachylemme by Casimir-Louis Chambon |
| ‘~1650’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - replica of The Queen of Poland Pasclaine (at Dresden) |
| ‘~1650’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - replica of The Queen of Poland Pascaline (at Dresden) |
| ‘~1652’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - working exemplar based on surviving machines | |
| ‘~1652’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - replica of The Queen of Poland Pasclaine (at Dresden) |
| ‘~1650’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - working exemplar based on surviving machines | |
| ‘~1650’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - replica of The Queen of Poland Pasclaine (at Dresden) |
- [[Pascaline 1652|’~1652’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - working exemplar based on surviving machines]
| ‘~1652’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - replica based on surviving examples |
| ‘~1652’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - working exemplar based on surviving machines |
- [[Pascaline 1652|’~1652’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - working exemplar based on surviving machines]
| ‘~1652’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - replica of The Queen of Poland Pasclaine (at Dresden) |
| 1668: Gaspar Schott: Organum Mathematicum Libris IX Explicandum | ||
| 1668: Gaspar Schott: Organum Mathematicum Libris IX Explicandum | ||
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png The first “computer manual”?
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png The first “computer manual”?
 | Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners | |
| Early Books, Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners | |
| 1668: Gaspar Schott: Organum Mathematicum Libris IX Explicandum | ||
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Henrion.png Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Henrion.png Early Books, Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners
| 2100–2000 BC: Ur III Old Akkadian Receipt of goods |
| 2100–2000 BC: Ur III Neo Sumerian Receipt of goods |
| 2100–2000 BC: Old Akkadian Receipt of goods |
| 2100–2000 BC: Ur III Old Akkadian Receipt of goods |
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/BolleeClip.jpg Ephemerae
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/BolleeClip.jpg Ephemera
| ~1930: Quixsum model C imperial feet, inches and fractions Adding Machine |
 | Curta Calculators |
| Curta and Alpina miniaturised step-drum calculators |
| 1963: Curta Type II calculator with Leather Case, serial 554765 |
| 1963: Curta Type II calculator with Leather Case, serial 554765 | |
| 1961: Alpina miniaturised calculator, mint condition, with original case, serial 5944 |
| ~July 1948: CURTA Type 1 (pin sliders) earliest model calculator serial 5424 | |
| 1967: CURTA Type I calculator serial 76436, near mint, with original case, cardboard box and instructions | |
| 1963: CURTA Type II calculator with Leather Case, serial 554765 |
| ~July 1948: Curta Type 1 (pin sliders) earliest model calculator serial 5424 | |
| 1967: Curta Type I calculator serial 76436, near mint, with original case, cardboard box and instructions | |
| 1963: Curta Type II calculator with Leather Case, serial 554765 |
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Curta1-1948.png The Curta and Alpina step-drum Calculators
- [[Alpina-1961|1961:Alpina, near mint, with original case, serial 5944
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Curta1-1948.png The Curta and Alpina miniaturised step-drum calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Curta1-1948.png Curta Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Curta1-1948.png The Curta and Alpina step-drum Calculators
- [[Alpina-1961|1961:Alpina, near mint, with original case, serial 5944
- ~July 1948: CURTA Type 1 (pin sliders) earliest model calculator, serial 5424
- 1967: CURTA Type I calculator, near mint, with original case, cardboard box and instructions, serial 76436
| 1849: Circular interest reckoner by L. Brooks, Great Falls, N.H. USA) |
| 1849: Circular interest reckoner by L. Brooks, Great Falls, N.H. USA |
| 1793: Pietr Holm “Tobacco Box” for determining ship’s speed, and perpetual calendar |
| 1849: Circular interest slide reckoner by L. Brooks, Great Falls, N.H. USA) |
| 1849: Circular interest reckoner by L. Brooks, Great Falls, N.H. USA) |
| 1790–1810: Instrument for conversion from Aunes to Metres by Gabrielle CHAIX, Paris | 1849: Circular interest slide reckoner by L. Brooks, Great Falls, N.H. USA) | 1856: Cylindrical multiplication reckoner by J.B. Morill |
| 1790–1810: Instrument for conversion from Aunes to Metres by Gabrielle CHAIX, Paris | |
| 1849: Circular interest slide reckoner by L. Brooks, Great Falls, N.H. USA) | |
| 1856: Cylindrical multiplication reckoner by J.B. Morill |
| 1790–1810: Instrument for conversion from Aunes to Metres by Gabrielle CHAIX, Paris | |
| 1849: Circular interest slide reckoner by L. Brooks, Great Falls, N.H. USA) | 1856: Cylindrical multiplication reckoner by J.B. Morill |
| 1790–1810: Instrument for conversion from Aunes to Metres by Gabrielle CHAIX, Paris | 1849: Circular interest slide reckoner by L. Brooks, Great Falls, N.H. USA) | 1856: Cylindrical multiplication reckoner by J.B. Morill |
 | Conversion and Reckoner Devices |
| 1790–1810: Instrument for conversion from Aunes to Metres by Gabrielle CHAIX, Paris | |
| 1849: Circular interest slide reckoner by L. Brooks, Great Falls, N.H. USA) | 1856: Cylindrical multiplication reckoner by J.B. Morill |
| Conversion Devices |
| 1790–1810: Instrument for conversion from Aunes to Metres by Gabrielle CHAIX, Paris |
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png The first “computer manual”?
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png The first “computer manual”?
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Convertiseur.png Conversion and Reckoner Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Convertiseur.png Conversion and Reckoner Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Convertiseur.png Conversion and Multiplication Tabular Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Convertiseur.png Conversion and Reckoner Devices
- [[L. Brooks 1849|1849: Circular interest tabular calculator by L. Brooks, Great Falls, N.H. USA)
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Convertiseur.png Conversion Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Convertiseur.png Conversion and Multiplication Tabular Devices
- [[L. Brooks 1849|1849: Circular interest tabular calculator by L. Brooks, Great Falls, N.H. USA)
- 1856: Cylindrical multiplication tabular device by J.B. Morill
| December 1973: Hewlett Packard HP 45 Calculator serial 1350A 36719, 1973 |
| December 1973: Hewlett Packard HP 45 Calculator serial 1350A 36719, 1973 | |
| August 1973: Hewlett Packard HP 65 Calculator serial 1333A 06752, 1973 |
 | First “computer manuals” |
| The first “computer manual”? |
| 1727: Leupold (Jacob)Theatrum arithmetico geometricum, das ist: Schau-Platz der Rechen- und Mess-Kunst. . . . |
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png First “computer manuals”
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png The first “computer manual”?
| First “computer manuals”? |
| First “computer manuals” |
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png First “computer manuals”?
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png First “computer manuals”
| The first “computer manuals”? |
| First “computer manuals”? |
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png The first “computer manuals”?
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png First “computer manuals”?
| 1727:Leupold (Jacob)Theatrum arithmetico geometricum, das ist: Schau-Platz der Rechen- und Mess-Kunst. . . . |
| 1727: Leupold (Jacob)Theatrum arithmetico geometricum, das ist: Schau-Platz der Rechen- und Mess-Kunst. . . . |
| The first “computer manual”? |
| The first “computer manuals”? |
| 1727:Leupold (Jacob)Theatrum arithmetico geometricum, das ist: Schau-Platz der Rechen- und Mess-Kunst. . . . |
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png The first “computer manual”?
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png The first “computer manuals”?
| 1908–15: The Standard Desk Calcumeter |
| ~1912: The Standard Desk Calcumeter |
| ~1908: Adder, serial 1306 |
| ~1908: The Adder, serial 1306 |
| 100–200: Ancient Roman bronze astralagus (gaming knucklebone) |
| 100–200: Ancient Roman bronze astragalus (gaming knucklebone) |
| 100–200: Ancient Roman bronze astralagus (gaming knucklebone) |
| 000–300: Three dice from Ancient Rome |
| 000–300: Three Ancient Roman dice |
| 000–300: Three Ancient Roman dice |
| 000–300: Three dice from Ancient Rome |
| 000–300 AD: Three Ancient Roman dice |
| 000–300: Three Ancient Roman dice |
| 000–300 AD: Three Ancient Roman Dice |
| 000–300 AD: Three Ancient Roman dice |
(:if equal {Site.PrintBook$:PSW} "False":)
(:if equal {Site.PrintBook$:PSW} "True":)
(:if equal {Site.PrintBook$:PSW} "True":)
(:if equal {Site.PrintBook$:PSW} "False":)
(:if equal {Site.PrintBook$:PSW} "True":)
(:if equal {Site.PrintBook$:PSW} "False":)
(:if equal {Site.PrintBook$:PSW} "False":)
(:if equal {Site.PrintBook$:PSW} "True":)
The following objects form “collection Calculant”. They are described in context in the text.
The following objects form “collection Calculant”. They are described in context in the text.
| 1968: SEE Demonstration Adding Machine |
| 1968: SEE Demonstration Adding Machine |
 | Keyboard Adding Machines |
| 1903: Adix Adding Machine. Original model |
 | Keyboard Adding Machines |
| 1884: Spalding Adding Machine, serial 494 | |
| 1891: The Centigraph Adding Machine, serial 1523 | |
| 1903: Adix Adding Machine. Original model |
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/SpaldingW800 Keyboard Adding Machines
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/SpaldingW800.jpg Keyboard Adding Machines
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Adix.png Keyboard Adding Machines
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/SpaldingW800 Keyboard Adding Machines
| ‘~1652’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - replica based on surviving examples |
| ‘~1652’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - replica based on surviving examples |
| Abacus (Chinese, modern construction) |
| Abacus (Chinese, recent construction) |
| ‘1617’: “Napier’s bones” - modern construction |
| ‘1617’: “Napier’s bones” (recent construction) |
| Abacus (Chinese, contemporary) |
| Abacus (Chinese, modern construction) |
| ‘1617: “Napier’s bones” - modern replica |
| ‘1617’: “Napier’s bones” - modern construction |
 | First Devices | |
 | First Devices | |
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Schickard1W100.jpg First Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Schickard1.jpg First Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Schickard1.jpg First Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Schickard1W100.jpg First Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Schickard1.jpg First Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Schickard1.jpg First Devices
(:ifend:)
(:ifend:)
| |‘~1652’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - replica based on surviving examples |
| ‘~1652’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - replica based on surviving examples |
| First Devices |
| First Devices | |
| ‘1623’: Schickard’s “Calculating Clock” - reconstruction from surviving manuscript |
| |‘~1652’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - replica based on surviving examples |
| ~1894–1595 BC: Old Babyloniantag with cuneiform numeric and alphabetic characters | ||
| Abacus (Chinese, contemporary) | ||
| 1480–1520: French Jeton, Late Medieval |
| ~1894–1595 BC: Old Babylonian tag with cuneiform numeric and alphabetic characters | |
| Abacus (Chinese, contemporary) | |
| 1480–1520: French Jeton, Late Medieval |
| ‘1623’: Schickard’s “Calculating Clock” - reconstruction from surviving manuscript | |
| ‘1623’: Schickard’s “Calculating Clock” - reconstruction from surviving manuscript |
| ‘1623’: Schickard’s “Calculating Clock” - reconstruction from surviving manuscript | |
| ‘1623’: Schickard’s “Calculating Clock” - reconstruction from surviving manuscript |
| First Devices | |
| Abacus (Chinese, contemporary) | ||
| 1480–1520: French Jeton, Late Medieval | ||
| 1577: Calculi Ordinum Belgii, “Port Salu” | ||
| ‘1623’: Schickard’s “Calculating Clock” - reconstruction from surviving manuscript | ||
| ‘1623’: Schickard’s “Calculating Clock” - reconstruction from surviving manuscript |
| ~1894–1595 BC: Old Babyloniantag with cuneiform numeric and alphabetic characters | |
For photos of these objects click the photo gallery.
For photos of these objects click the photo gallery. For their story in context click here.
The following objects form “collection Calculant”. They are described in context in the text. For photos click the photo gallery.
The following objects form “collection Calculant”. They are described in context in the text.
For photos of these objects click the photo gallery.
The following objects form “collection Calculant”. They are described in context in the text. For photos click the photo gallery?.
The following objects form “collection Calculant”. They are described in context in the text. For photos click the photo gallery.
The following objects form “collection Calculant”. They are described in context in the text.
The following objects form “collection Calculant”. They are described in context in the text. For photos click the photo gallery?.
| Comptometer Manual 1921|1921: Felt and Tarrant Comptometer Manual | |
| Monro 1937|1937: Advertisement for Monroe Calculators featuring Marching numbers | |
| HP-Scientific American 1973|1973: “HP Measurement/Computation:changing things for the better”, Scientific American, July 1973, pp. 6–7. Original print article. Two full page advertisement for the HP-35, HP-45 and HP-46 scientific calculators. | |
| A Calculator Chronicle 1990|1990: “A Calculator Chronicle: 300 Years of Counting and Reckoning Tools”, 1 January 1990. |
| 1921: Felt and Tarrant Comptometer Manual | |
| 1937: Advertisement for Monroe Calculators featuring Marching numbers | |
| 1973: “HP Measurement/Computation:changing things for the better”, Scientific American, July 1973, pp. 6–7. Original print article. Two full page advertisement for the HP-35, HP-45 and HP-46 scientific calculators. | |
| 1990: “A Calculator Chronicle: 300 Years of Counting and Reckoning Tools”, 1 January 1990. |
| A Calculator Chronicle 1990|1990: “A Calculator Chronicle: 300 Years of Counting and Reckoning Tools”, 1 January 1990. |
| ~1920: Addo mod 2 adder, serial 2797 |
 | Rotating Knob Operated Adders |
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Conto.jpg Rotating knob operated Adders
| 1892: Ropp’s Commercial Calculator Book, World’s Fair Edition |
| The first “computer manual”? |
| The first “computer manual”? |
______
| Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners | |
| Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners | |
| Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners | |
| Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners | |
| The first “computer manual”? |
| The first “computer manual”? |
First Devices
- Abacus (Chinese, contemporary)
- 1480–1520: French Jeton, Late Medieval
- 1577: Calculi Ordinum Belgii, “Port Salu”
- ‘1623’: Schickard’s “Calculating Clock” - reconstruction from surviving manuscript
- ‘~1652’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - replica based on surviving examples
Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners
- 1626: Dennis Henrion: Traicté de logarithmes
- 1783: Tables Portatives de Logarithmes, by Gardiner improved and perfected in their disposition by M. Callet
- 1892: Ropp’s Commercial Calculator Book, World’s Fair Edition
The first “computer manual”?
- 1672: Morland (Samuel) A New, and most useful Instrument for Addition and Subtraction of Pounds, Shillings, Pence, and Farthings
Sectors and Dividers
- 1675–1715: Brass French Gunnery Sector by Michael Butterfield, Paris
- ~1830: Oxbone Architect’s Sector by T. and H. Doublett, London
- ~1740–1810: 2 Pairs of Dividers - made in England
- ~1750–1800 Early print of drawings of Dividers and other Instruments by T. Jefferys
- ~1880 Set of Proportional Dividers and other Mathematical Drawing Instruments by Henri Morin, Paris
Conversion Devices
- 1790–1810: Instrument for conversion from Aunes to Metres by Gabrielle CHAIX, Paris
Gunter’s Proportional Rule
- 1626: Design of a Logarithmic Proportional Rule (following Gunter 1624)
- 1831–1843: Gunter rule for navigation by Belcher and Bros, New York, New York
Slide Rules
- 1727: Designs of 3 Logarithmic Rules 1626–1726 (as described by Jacob Leupold 1727)
- 1759–69: Edward Roberts Everard Pattern Gauger’s Slide Rule
- 1821–84: Joseph Long, London, Alcohol Proof Index Slide Rule
- 1893–8: Tavernier-Gravet, Slide Rule, cursor inscribed as presented in 1898
- ~1928: Keuffel & Esser 4088–3 serial 348119 Slide Rule
- ~1948: Lawrence 10-G Cutting Speed Calculator
- 1967–73: Faber Castell 2/83N Novo Duplex slide rule
Cylindrical Slide Rules
- 1911: Thacher’s Calculating Instrument, No. 4012 by Keuffel & Esser
- 1926: Professor Fuller’s Fuller Cylindrical Slide Rule Model 2 No. 5706
- ~1960: Otis King Rotary Slide Rule, Type L C, serial T6205, scales 429 and 430
Circular Slide Rules
- 1847: Palmer’s Computing Scale and Fuller’s Time Telegraph, issue 4
- ~1881: Charpentier Calculimètre circular slide rule
- ~1935: Supremathic Circular slide rule
- 1948: Fowler Long Scale Jubilee Magnum extra long scale calculator Fowler’s “Jubilee Magnum” Circular Slide Rule
- 1960s: KL-1 Russian Mechanical Circular Slide Rule and case
Proportional Nomographic Calculators
- ~1924: Bloch Schnellkalkulator
- ~1947 Der Zeitermittler
Stylus or Slider operated Adders
- 1869 model Web Patent Adder and Talley Board serial B2040
- 1890–1900: A. M. Stevenson Adder
- 1905–1911: Locke Adder
- 1910–1920s Comptator, 9 column
- ~1910 Adall Concentric-disk Adding Machine
- ~1915: Golden Gem Automatic Adding Machine, serial 73158
- 1920: Addiator Troncet adder
- 1922: Scribola 10 column printing Adding Machine
- 1937: Add-O-Matic Adding Machine
- ~1946: Lightning Portable Adding Machine
- 1968: SEE Demonstration Adding Machine
Keyboard Adding Machines
- 1903: Adix Adding Machine. Original model
Arithmometers
- 1884: Thomas de Colmar Arithmometer Model T1878 B, serial 2083
- 1909: Ludwig Spitz & Co., G.m.b.H., Berlin-Tempelhof TIM (Time is Money) Arithmometer
- ~1913: Bunzel-Denton Arithmometer Prototype with crank moved to front
- 1917: Madas IX Maxima calculator, serial 5532
True Multiplying Calculators
- 1904–1905: Bamberger’s Omega Calculating Machine
- 1912: Millionaire Calculating Machine serial 2015 (10×10×20)
Proportional Rack Calculators
- 1923: Mercedes-Euklid Model 29 Demonstration calculator
- 1923: Mercedes-Euklid Model 29 calculator
Pinwheel Calculators
- ~1896: Ohdner Brunsviga Schuster Calculator serial 3406
- 1945: Facit Model S Calculator serial 210652
- ~1951: Original Ohdner Model 39, Calculator serial 39–288965
- 1957: Walther Demonstration WSR160 Pinwheel Calculator
- ~1957: Walther WSR160 Pinwheel Calculator
Comptometers
- Sept 1896: Felt and Tarrant Comptometer: Earliest - wood-cased “Woodie” model, serial 2491
- ~ 1907: Comptometer oil bottle, marked with patent 23 April 1905; 6 April 1907
- ~ 1955 Bell Punch Sumlock Demonstration Comptometer
- 1950s: Bell Sumlock Comptometer Model 909/S/117.878 (made in Great Britain by Bell Punch Company Ltd)
Curta Calculators
- ~July 1948: CURTA Type 1 (pin sliders) earliest model calculator serial 5424
- 1967: CURTA Type I calculator serial 76436, near mint, with original case, cardboard box and instructions
- 1963: CURTA Type II calculator with Leather Case, serial 554765
Motorised Calculating Machines
- ~1929 “Herzstark” electric Calculating Machine serial 6549, badged by Herzstark, Vienna; essentially Badenia Model TE 13 Duplex
- 1950s-1960s: MADAS Model 20BTG serial 94046 electric calculator with true automatic division
Electronic Calculators
- July1972: Hewlett Packard HP 35 Calculator serial 1230A 79429, 1972 (second version)
- December 1973: Hewlett Packard HP 45 Calculator serial 1350A 36719, 1973
| Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners | |
| 1626: Dennis Henrion: Traicté de logarithmes | ||
| 1783: Tables Portatives de Logarithmes, by Gardiner improved and perfected in their disposition by M. Callet | ||
| The first “computer manual”? |
| 1672: Morland (Samuel) A New, and most useful Instrument for Addition and Subtraction of Pounds, Shillings, Pence, and Farthings | |
| Sectors and Dividers |
| 1675–1715: Brass French Gunnery Sector by Michael Butterfield, Paris | |
| ~1830: Oxbone Architect’s Sector by T. and H. Doublett, London | |
| ~1740–1810: 2 Pairs of Dividers - made in England | |
| ~1750–1800 Early print of drawings of Dividers and other Instruments by T. Jefferys | |
| ~1880 Set of Proportional Dividers and other Mathematical Drawing Instruments by Henri Morin, Paris | |
| Conversion Devices |
| 1790–1810: Instrument for conversion from Aunes to Metres by Gabrielle CHAIX, Paris | |
| Gunter’s Proportional Rule |
| 1626: Design of a Logarithmic Proportional Rule (following Gunter 1624) | |
| 1831–1843: Gunter rule for navigation by Belcher and Bros, New York, New York | |
| Slide Rules |
| 1727: Designs of 3 Logarithmic Rules 1626–1726 (as described by Jacob Leupold 1727) | |
| 1759–69: Edward Roberts Everard Pattern Gauger’s Slide Rule | |
| 1821–84: Joseph Long, London, Alcohol Proof Index Slide Rule | |
| 1893–8: Tavernier-Gravet, Slide Rule, cursor inscribed as presented in 1898 | |
| ~1928: Keuffel & Esser 4088–3 serial 348119 Slide Rule | |
| ~1948: Lawrence 10-G Cutting Speed Calculator | |
| 1967–73: Faber Castell 2/83N Novo Duplex slide rule | |
| Cylindrical Slide Rules |
| 1911: Thacher’s Calculating Instrument, No. 4012 by Keuffel & Esser | |
| 1926: Professor Fuller’s Fuller Cylindrical Slide Rule Model 2 No. 5706 | |
| ~1960: Otis King Rotary Slide Rule, Type L C, serial T6205, scales 429 and 430 | |
| Circular Slide Rules |
| 1847: Palmer’s Computing Scale and Fuller’s Time Telegraph, issue 4 | |
| ~1881: Charpentier Calculimètre circular slide rule | |
| ~1935: Supremathic Circular slide rule | |
| 1948: Fowler Long Scale Jubilee Magnum extra long scale calculator Fowler’s “Jubilee Magnum” Circular Slide Rule | |
| 1960s: KL-1 Russian Mechanical Circular Slide Rule and case | |
| Proportional Nomographic Calculators |
| ~1924: Bloch Schnellkalkulator | |
| ~1947 Der Zeitermittler | |
| Stylus or Slider operated Adders |
| 1869 model Web Patent Adder and Talley Board serial B2040 | |
| 1890–1900: A. M. Stevenson Adder | |
| 1905–1911: Locke Adder | |
| 1910–1920s Comptator, 9 column | |
| ~1910 Adall Concentric-disk Adding Machine | |
| ~1915: Golden Gem Automatic Adding Machine, serial 73158 | |
| 1920: Addiator Troncet adder | |
| 1922: Scribola 10 column printing Adding Machine | |
| 1937: Add-O-Matic Adding Machine | |
| ~1946: Lightning Portable Adding Machine | |
| 1968: SEE Demonstration Adding Machine | |
| Keyboard Adding Machines |
| 1903: Adix Adding Machine. Original model | |
| Arithmometers |
| 1884: Thomas de Colmar Arithmometer Model T1878 B, serial 2083 | |
| 1909: Ludwig Spitz & Co., G.m.b.H., Berlin-Tempelhof TIM (Time is Money) Arithmometer | |
| ~1913: Bunzel-Denton Arithmometer Prototype with crank moved to front | |
| 1917: Madas IX Maxima calculator, serial 5532 | |
| True Multiplying Calculators |
| 1904–1905: Bamberger’s Omega Calculating Machine | |
| 1912: Millionaire Calculating Machine serial 2015 (10×10×20) | |
| Proportional Rack Calculators |
| 1923: Mercedes-Euklid Model 29 Demonstration calculator | |
| 1923: Mercedes-Euklid Model 29 calculator | |
| Pinwheel Calculators |
| ~1896: Ohdner Brunsviga Schuster Calculator serial 3406 | |
| 1945: Facit Model S Calculator serial 210652 | |
| ~1951: Original Ohdner Model 39, Calculator serial 39–288965 | |
| 1957: Walther Demonstration WSR160 Pinwheel Calculator | |
| ~1957: Walther WSR160 Pinwheel Calculator | |
| Comptometers |
| Sept 1896: Felt and Tarrant Comptometer: Earliest - wood-cased “Woodie” model, serial 2491 | |
| ~ 1907: Comptometer oil bottle, marked with patent 23 April 1905; 6 April 1907 | |
| ~ 1955 Bell Punch Sumlock Demonstration Comptometer | |
| 1950s: Bell Sumlock Comptometer Model 909/S/117.878 (made in Great Britain by Bell Punch Company Ltd) | |
| Curta Calculators |
| ~July 1948: CURTA Type 1 (pin sliders) earliest model calculator serial 5424 | |
| 1967: CURTA Type I calculator serial 76436, near mint, with original case, cardboard box and instructions | |
| 1963: CURTA Type II calculator with Leather Case, serial 554765 | |
| Motorised Calculating Machines |
| ~1929 “Herzstark” electric Calculating Machine serial 6549, badged by Herzstark, Vienna; essentially Badenia Model TE 13 Duplex | |
| 1950s-1960s: MADAS Model 20BTG serial 94046 electric calculator with true automatic division | |
| Electronic Calculators |
| July1972: Hewlett Packard HP 35 Calculator serial 1230A 79429, 1972 (second version) | |
| December 1973: Hewlett Packard HP 45 Calculator serial 1350A 36719, 1973 |
Ephemerae
- 1759: Algebre et Arithmetique - Machine de Arithmetique de Pascal”, Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d’Alembert, Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, First folio edition, 1759, Volume 22, Plate 2. (Hand coloured).
- 1797: Napier’s Rods in “Inland Navigation”, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 3rd Edition, 1797, plate CCCXLIV, Andrew Bell copperplate. Original print article.
- 1855: “Messrs. Scheutz’s New Calculating Machine”, The Illustrated London News, 30 June 1855, p. 661. Original print article.
- 1890: Leon Bollée Calculating Machine, “A New Calculating Machine of very General Applicability”, The Manufacturer and Builder, July 1890, p. 156. Original print article.
- 1873–1928: Booklet on “How to Become a Lightning Calculator”, No. 2
- 1901: “Rechenmachinen [“Calculating Machines” trs.] Bibliogr. Institut in Leipzig, Zum Art “Rechenmaschinen” (Bld. 21). Original wood engraved plate, pp. 1–2. showing engravings of calculating machines by Pascal, Leibniz, Steiger and Egli (Millionaire), Burroughs, Burkhard, Brunsviga, and J. H. Müller.
- 1913: Advertisement by Hertztark Co. for “Austria” Calculating Machine
- Comptometer Manual 1921|1921: Felt and Tarrant Comptometer Manual
- Monro 1937|1937: Advertisement for Monroe Calculators featuring Marching numbers
- HP-Scientific American 1973|1973: “HP Measurement/Computation:changing things for the better”, Scientific American, July 1973, pp. 6–7. Original print article. Two full page advertisement for the HP-35, HP-45 and HP-46 scientific calculators.
| Ephemerae |
| 1759: Algebre et Arithmetique - Machine de Arithmetique de Pascal”, Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d’Alembert, Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, First folio edition, 1759, Volume 22, Plate 2. (Hand coloured). | |
| 1797: Napier’s Rods in “Inland Navigation”, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 3rd Edition, 1797, plate CCCXLIV, Andrew Bell copperplate. Original print article. | |
| 1855: “Messrs. Scheutz’s New Calculating Machine”, The Illustrated London News, 30 June 1855, p. 661. Original print article. | |
| 1890: Leon Bollée Calculating Machine, “A New Calculating Machine of very General Applicability”, The Manufacturer and Builder, July 1890, p. 156. Original print article. | |
| 1873–1928: Booklet on “How to Become a Lightning Calculator”, No. 2 | |
| 1901: “Rechenmachinen [“Calculating Machines” trs.] Bibliogr. Institut in Leipzig, Zum Art “Rechenmaschinen” (Bld. 21). Original wood engraved plate, pp. 1–2. showing engravings of calculating machines by Pascal, Leibniz, Steiger and Egli (Millionaire), Burroughs, Burkhard, Brunsviga, and J. H. Müller. | |
| 1913: Advertisement by Hertztark Co. for “Austria” Calculating Machine | |
| Comptometer Manual 1921|1921: Felt and Tarrant Comptometer Manual | |
| Monro 1937|1937: Advertisement for Monroe Calculators featuring Marching numbers | |
| HP-Scientific American 1973|1973: “HP Measurement/Computation:changing things for the better”, Scientific American, July 1973, pp. 6–7. Original print article. Two full page advertisement for the HP-35, HP-45 and HP-46 scientific calculators. |
The first “computer manual”?
The first “computer manual”?
Sectors and Dividers
Sectors and Dividers
Conversion Devices
Conversion Devices
Gunter’s Proportional Rule
Gunter’s Proportional Rule
Slide Rules
Slide Rules
Cylindrical Slide Rules
Cylindrical Slide Rules
Circular Slide Rules
Circular Slide Rules
Proportional Nomographic Calculators
Proportional Nomographic Calculators
Stylus or Slider operated Adders
Stylus or Slider operated Adders
Keyboard Adding Machines
Keyboard Adding Machines
Arithmometers
Arithmometers
True Multiplying Calculators
True Multiplying Calculators
Proportional Rack Calculators
Proportional Rack Calculators
First Devices
First Devices
Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners
Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HenrionW100.jpg Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners
Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2W100.jpg The first “computer manual”?
The first “computer manual”?
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ButterfieldSectorW100.jpg Sectors and Dividers
Sectors and Dividers
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ConvertiseurW100.jpg Conversion Devices
Conversion Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/GunterRule2W100.jpg Gunter’s Proportional Rule
Gunter’s Proportional Rule
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/EverardW100.jpg Slide Rules
Slide Rules
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ThacherW100.jpg Cylindrical Slide Rules
Cylindrical Slide Rules
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/CharpentierW100.jpg Circular Slide Rules
Circular Slide Rules
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Bloch1W100.jpg Proportional Nomographic Calculators
Proportional Nomographic Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/WebbW100.jpg Stylus or Slider operated Adders
Stylus or Slider operated Adders
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/AdixW100.jpg Keyboard Adding Machines
Keyboard Adding Machines
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ThomasDeColmarW100.jpg Arithmometers
Arithmometers
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/BambergerOmegaW100.jpg True Multiplying Calculators
True Multiplying Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/MercedesDemoW100.jpg Proportional Rack Calculators
Proportional Rack Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Brunsviga1896W100.jpg Pinwheel Calculators
Pinwheel Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ComptometerWoodieW100.jpg Comptometers
Comptometers
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Curta1-1948W100.jpg Curta Calculators
Curta Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HerzstarkArithmometerW100.jpg Motorised Calculating Machines
Motorised Calculating Machines
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HP35W100.jpg Electronic Calculators
Electronic Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/BolleeClipW100.jpg Ephemerae
Ephemerae
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Schickard1W100.jpg First Devices
First Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HenrionW100.jpg Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HenrionW100.jpg Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2W100.jpg The first “computer manual”?
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2W100.jpg The first “computer manual”?
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ButterfieldSectorW100.jpg Sectors and Dividers
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ButterfieldSectorW100.jpg Sectors and Dividers
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ConvertiseurW100.jpg Conversion Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ConvertiseurW100.jpg Conversion Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/GunterRule2W100.jpg Gunter’s Proportional Rule
- [1626: Design of a Logarithmic Proportional Rule (following Gunter 1624)
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/GunterRule2W100.jpg Gunter’s Proportional Rule
- 1626: Design of a Logarithmic Proportional Rule (following Gunter 1624)
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/EverardW100.jpg Slide Rules
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/EverardW100.jpg Slide Rules
- [[Tavernier Gravet 1893–8|1893–8: Tavernier-Gravet, Slide Rule, cursor inscribed as presented in 1898
- 1893–8: Tavernier-Gravet, Slide Rule, cursor inscribed as presented in 1898
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ThacherW100.jpg Cylindrical Slide Rules
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ThacherW100.jpg Cylindrical Slide Rules
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/CharpentierW100.jpg Circular Slide Rules
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/CharpentierW100.jpg Circular Slide Rules
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Bloch1W100.jpg Proportional Nomographic Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Bloch1W100.jpg Proportional Nomographic Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/WebbW100.jpg Stylus or Slider operated Adders
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/WebbW100.jpg Stylus or Slider operated Adders
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/AdixW100.jpg Keyboard Adding Machines
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/AdixW100.jpg Keyboard Adding Machines
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ThomasDeColmarW100.jpg Arithmometers
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ThomasDeColmarW100.jpg Arithmometers
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/BambergerOmegaW100.jpg True Multiplying Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/BambergerOmegaW100.jpg True Multiplying Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/MercedesDemoW100.jpg Proportional Rack Calculators
- [[Mercedes 29 Demonstrator 1923|1923: Mercedes-Euklid Model 29 Demonstration calculator
- [[Mercedes 29 1923|1923: Mercedes-Euklid Model 29 calculator
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Brunsviga1896W100.jpg Pinwheel Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/MercedesDemoW100.jpg Proportional Rack Calculators
- 1923: Mercedes-Euklid Model 29 Demonstration calculator
- 1923: Mercedes-Euklid Model 29 calculator
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Brunsviga1896W100.jpg Pinwheel Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ComptometerWoodieW100.jpg Comptometers
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ComptometerWoodieW100.jpg Comptometers
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Curta1-1948W100.jpg Curta Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Curta1-1948W100.jpg Curta Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HerzstarkArithmometerW100.jpg Motorised Calculating Machines
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HerzstarkArithmometerW100.jpg Motorised Calculating Machines
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HP35W100.jpg Electronic Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HP35W100.jpg Electronic Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/BolleeClipW100.jpg Ephemerae
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/BolleeClipW100.jpg Ephemerae
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Schickard1W100.jpg First Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Schickard1W100.jpg First Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Schickard1W100.jpg First Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Schickard1W100.jpg First Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/GunterRuleW100.jpg Gunter’s Proportional Rule
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/GunterRule2W100.jpg Gunter’s Proportional Rule
(:ifend:)
(:ifend:)
(:if equal {Site.PrintBook$:PSW} "False":) The following objects form the collection of the author (for convenience referred to here as “collection Calculant”). They are used here as an aid to insight about the history of calculating technology.
(:if equal {Site.PrintBook$:PSW} "True":) The following objects form “collection Calculant”. They are described in context in the text.
- Abacus (Chinese, contemporary)]]
- 1480–1520: French Jeton, Late Medieval]]
- 1577: Calculi Ordinum Belgii, “Port Salu”]]
- ‘1623’: Schickard’s “Calculating Clock” - reconstruction from surviving manuscript]]
- ‘~1652’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - replica based on surviving examples]]
- Abacus (Chinese, contemporary)
- 1480–1520: French Jeton, Late Medieval
- 1577: Calculi Ordinum Belgii, “Port Salu”
- ‘1623’: Schickard’s “Calculating Clock” - reconstruction from surviving manuscript
- ‘~1652’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - replica based on surviving examples
- 1626: Dennis Henrion: Traicté de logarithmes]]
- 1783: Tables Portatives de Logarithmes, by Gardiner improved and perfected in their disposition by M. Callet]]
- 1892: Ropp’s Commercial Calculator Book, World’s Fair Edition]]
- 1626: Dennis Henrion: Traicté de logarithmes
- 1783: Tables Portatives de Logarithmes, by Gardiner improved and perfected in their disposition by M. Callet
- 1892: Ropp’s Commercial Calculator Book, World’s Fair Edition
- 1672: Morland (Samuel) A New, and most useful Instrument for Addition and Subtraction of Pounds, Shillings, Pence, and Farthings]]
- 1672: Morland (Samuel) A New, and most useful Instrument for Addition and Subtraction of Pounds, Shillings, Pence, and Farthings
- 1675–1715: Brass French Gunnery Sector by Michael Butterfield, Paris]]
- ~1830: Oxbone Architect’s Sector by T. and H. Doublett, London]]
- ~1740–1810: 2 Pairs of Dividers - made in England]]
- ~1750–1800 Early print of drawings of Dividers and other Instruments by T. Jefferys]]
- ~1880 Set of Proportional Dividers and other Mathematical Drawing Instruments by Henri Morin, Paris]]
- 1675–1715: Brass French Gunnery Sector by Michael Butterfield, Paris
- ~1830: Oxbone Architect’s Sector by T. and H. Doublett, London
- ~1740–1810: 2 Pairs of Dividers - made in England
- ~1750–1800 Early print of drawings of Dividers and other Instruments by T. Jefferys
- ~1880 Set of Proportional Dividers and other Mathematical Drawing Instruments by Henri Morin, Paris
- 1790–1810: Instrument for conversion from Aunes to Metres by Gabrielle CHAIX, Paris]]
- 1790–1810: Instrument for conversion from Aunes to Metres by Gabrielle CHAIX, Paris
- [1626: Design of a Logarithmic Proportional Rule (following Gunter 1624)]]
- 1831–1843: Gunter rule for navigation by Belcher and Bros, New York, New York]]
- [1626: Design of a Logarithmic Proportional Rule (following Gunter 1624)
- 1831–1843: Gunter rule for navigation by Belcher and Bros, New York, New York
- 1727: Designs of 3 Logarithmic Rules 1626–1726 (as described by Jacob Leupold 1727) ]]
- 1759–69: Edward Roberts Everard Pattern Gauger’s Slide Rule]]
- 1821–84: Joseph Long, London, Alcohol Proof Index Slide Rule]]
- 1893-8: Tavernier-Gravet, Slide Rule, cursor inscribed as presented in 1898
- ~1928: Keuffel & Esser 4088–3 serial 348119 Slide Rule]]
- ~1948: Lawrence 10-G Cutting Speed Calculator]]
- 1967–73: Faber Castell 2/83N Novo Duplex slide rule]]
- 1727: Designs of 3 Logarithmic Rules 1626–1726 (as described by Jacob Leupold 1727)
- 1759–69: Edward Roberts Everard Pattern Gauger’s Slide Rule
- 1821–84: Joseph Long, London, Alcohol Proof Index Slide Rule
- [[Tavernier Gravet 1893–8|1893–8: Tavernier-Gravet, Slide Rule, cursor inscribed as presented in 1898
- ~1928: Keuffel & Esser 4088–3 serial 348119 Slide Rule
- ~1948: Lawrence 10-G Cutting Speed Calculator
- 1967–73: Faber Castell 2/83N Novo Duplex slide rule
- 1911: Thacher’s Calculating Instrument, No. 4012 by Keuffel & Esser]]
- 1926: Professor Fuller’s Fuller Cylindrical Slide Rule Model 2 No. 5706]]
- ~1960: Otis King Rotary Slide Rule, Type L C, serial T6205, scales 429 and 430]]
- 1911: Thacher’s Calculating Instrument, No. 4012 by Keuffel & Esser
- 1926: Professor Fuller’s Fuller Cylindrical Slide Rule Model 2 No. 5706
- ~1960: Otis King Rotary Slide Rule, Type L C, serial T6205, scales 429 and 430
- 1847: Palmer’s Computing Scale and Fuller’s Time Telegraph, issue 4]]
- ~1881: Charpentier Calculimètre circular slide rule]]
- ~1935: Supremathic Circular slide rule]]
- 1948: Fowler Long Scale Jubilee Magnum extra long scale calculator Fowler’s “Jubilee Magnum” Circular Slide Rule]]
- 1960s: KL-1 Russian Mechanical Circular Slide Rule and case]]
- 1847: Palmer’s Computing Scale and Fuller’s Time Telegraph, issue 4
- ~1881: Charpentier Calculimètre circular slide rule
- ~1935: Supremathic Circular slide rule
- 1948: Fowler Long Scale Jubilee Magnum extra long scale calculator Fowler’s “Jubilee Magnum” Circular Slide Rule
- 1960s: KL-1 Russian Mechanical Circular Slide Rule and case
- ~1924: Bloch Schnellkalkulator]]
- ~1947 Der Zeitermittler]]
- ~1924: Bloch Schnellkalkulator
- ~1947 Der Zeitermittler
- 1869 model Web Patent Adder and Talley Board serial B2040]]
- 1890–1900: A. M. Stevenson Adder]]
- 1905–1911: Locke Adder]]
- 1910–1920s Comptator, 9 column]]
- ~1910 Adall Concentric-disk Adding Machine]]
- ~1915: Golden Gem Automatic Adding Machine, serial 73158]]
- 1920: Addiator Troncet adder]]
- 1922: Scribola 10 column printing Adding Machine
- 1937: Add-O-Matic Adding Machine
- ~1946: Lightning Portable Adding Machine
- 1968: SEE Demonstration Adding Machine
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Adix.png Keyboard Adding Machines
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ThomasDeColmar.jpg Arithmometers
- 1884: Thomas de Colmar Arithmometer Model T1878 B, serial 2083
- 1909: Ludwig Spitz & Co., G.m.b.H., Berlin-Tempelhof TIM (Time is Money) Arithmometer
- ~1913: Bunzel-Denton Arithmometer Prototype with crank moved to front
- 1917: Madas IX Maxima calculator, serial 5532
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/BambergerOmega.png True Multiplying Calculators
- 1904-1905: Bamberger’s Omega Calculating Machine
- 1912: Millionaire Calculating Machine serial 2015 (10x10x20)
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/MercedesDemo.png Proportional Rack Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Brunsviga1896.png Pinwheel Calculators
- ~1896: Ohdner Brunsviga Schuster Calculator serial 3406
- 1945: Facit Model S Calculator serial 210652
- ~1951: Original Ohdner Model 39, Calculator serial 39-288965
- 1957: Walther Demonstration WSR160 Pinwheel Calculator
- ~1957: Walther WSR160 Pinwheel Calculator
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ComptometerWoodie.png Comptometers
- Sept 1896: Felt and Tarrant Comptometer: Earliest - wood-cased “Woodie” model, serial 2491
- ~ 1907: Comptometer oil bottle, marked with patent 23 April 1905; 6 April 1907
- ~ 1955 Bell Punch Sumlock Demonstration Comptometer
- 1950s: Bell Sumlock Comptometer Model 909/S/117.878 (made in Great Britain by Bell Punch Company Ltd)
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Curta1-1948.png Curta Calculators
- ~July 1948: CURTA Type 1 (pin sliders) earliest model calculator serial 5424
- 1967: CURTA Type I calculator serial 76436, near mint, with original case, cardboard box and instructions
- 1963: CURTA Type II calculator with Leather Case, serial 554765
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HerzstarkArithmometer.png Motorised Calculating Machines
- ~1929 “Herzstark” electric Calculating Machine serial 6549, badged by Herzstark, Vienna; essentially Badenia Model TE 13 Duplex
- 1950s-1960s: MADAS Model 20BTG serial 94046 electric calculator with true automatic division
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HP35.jpg Electronic Calculators
- 1869 model Web Patent Adder and Talley Board serial B2040
- 1890–1900: A. M. Stevenson Adder
- 1905–1911: Locke Adder
- 1910–1920s Comptator, 9 column
- ~1910 Adall Concentric-disk Adding Machine
- ~1915: Golden Gem Automatic Adding Machine, serial 73158
- 1920: Addiator Troncet adder
- 1922: Scribola 10 column printing Adding Machine
- 1937: Add-O-Matic Adding Machine
- ~1946: Lightning Portable Adding Machine
- 1968: SEE Demonstration Adding Machine
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/AdixW100.jpg Keyboard Adding Machines
- 1903: Adix Adding Machine. Original model
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ThomasDeColmarW100.jpg Arithmometers
- 1884: Thomas de Colmar Arithmometer Model T1878 B, serial 2083
- 1909: Ludwig Spitz & Co., G.m.b.H., Berlin-Tempelhof TIM (Time is Money) Arithmometer
- ~1913: Bunzel-Denton Arithmometer Prototype with crank moved to front
- 1917: Madas IX Maxima calculator, serial 5532
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/BambergerOmegaW100.jpg True Multiplying Calculators
- 1904–1905: Bamberger’s Omega Calculating Machine
- 1912: Millionaire Calculating Machine serial 2015 (10×10×20)
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/MercedesDemoW100.jpg Proportional Rack Calculators
- [[Mercedes 29 Demonstrator 1923|1923: Mercedes-Euklid Model 29 Demonstration calculator
- [[Mercedes 29 1923|1923: Mercedes-Euklid Model 29 calculator
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Brunsviga1896W100.jpg Pinwheel Calculators
- ~1896: Ohdner Brunsviga Schuster Calculator serial 3406
- 1945: Facit Model S Calculator serial 210652
- ~1951: Original Ohdner Model 39, Calculator serial 39–288965
- 1957: Walther Demonstration WSR160 Pinwheel Calculator
- ~1957: Walther WSR160 Pinwheel Calculator
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ComptometerWoodieW100.jpg Comptometers
- Sept 1896: Felt and Tarrant Comptometer: Earliest - wood-cased “Woodie” model, serial 2491
- ~ 1907: Comptometer oil bottle, marked with patent 23 April 1905; 6 April 1907
- ~ 1955 Bell Punch Sumlock Demonstration Comptometer
- 1950s: Bell Sumlock Comptometer Model 909/S/117.878 (made in Great Britain by Bell Punch Company Ltd)
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Curta1-1948W100.jpg Curta Calculators
- ~July 1948: CURTA Type 1 (pin sliders) earliest model calculator serial 5424
- 1967: CURTA Type I calculator serial 76436, near mint, with original case, cardboard box and instructions
- 1963: CURTA Type II calculator with Leather Case, serial 554765
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HerzstarkArithmometerW100.jpg Motorised Calculating Machines
- ~1929 “Herzstark” electric Calculating Machine serial 6549, badged by Herzstark, Vienna; essentially Badenia Model TE 13 Duplex
- 1950s-1960s: MADAS Model 20BTG serial 94046 electric calculator with true automatic division
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HP35W100.jpg Electronic Calculators
- July1972: Hewlett Packard HP 35 Calculator serial 1230A 79429, 1972 (second version)
- December 1973: Hewlett Packard HP 45 Calculator serial 1350A 36719, 1973
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/BolleeClip.jpg Ephemerae
- 1759: Algebre et Arithmetique - Machine de Arithmetique de Pascal”, Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d’Alembert, Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, First folio edition, 1759, Volume 22, Plate 2. (Hand coloured).
- 1797: Napier’s Rods in “Inland Navigation”, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 3rd Edition, 1797, plate CCCXLIV, Andrew Bell copperplate. Original print article.
- 1855: “Messrs. Scheutz’s New Calculating Machine”, The Illustrated London News, 30 June 1855, p. 661. Original print article.
- 1890: Leon Bollée Calculating Machine, “A New Calculating Machine of very General Applicability”, The Manufacturer and Builder, July 1890, p. 156. Original print article.
- 1873-1928: Booklet on “How to Become a Lightning Calculator”, No. 2
- 1901: “Rechenmachinen [“Calculating Machines” trs.] Bibliogr. Institut in Leipzig, Zum Art “Rechenmaschinen” (Bld. 21). Original wood engraved plate, pp. 1-2. showing engravings of calculating machines by Pascal, Leibniz, Steiger and Egli (Millionaire), Burroughs, Burkhard, Brunsviga, and J. H. Müller.
- 1913: Advertisement by Hertztark Co. for “Austria” Calculating Machine
- 1921: Felt and Tarrant Comptometer Manual
- 1937: Advertisement for Monroe Calculators featuring Marching numbers
- 1973: “HP Measurement/Computation:changing things for the better”, Scientific American, July 1973, pp. 6-7. Original print article. Two full page advertisement for the HP-35, HP-45 and HP-46 scientific calculators.
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/BolleeClipW100.jpg Ephemerae
- 1759: Algebre et Arithmetique - Machine de Arithmetique de Pascal”, Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d’Alembert, Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, First folio edition, 1759, Volume 22, Plate 2. (Hand coloured).
- 1797: Napier’s Rods in “Inland Navigation”, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 3rd Edition, 1797, plate CCCXLIV, Andrew Bell copperplate. Original print article.
- 1855: “Messrs. Scheutz’s New Calculating Machine”, The Illustrated London News, 30 June 1855, p. 661. Original print article.
- 1890: Leon Bollée Calculating Machine, “A New Calculating Machine of very General Applicability”, The Manufacturer and Builder, July 1890, p. 156. Original print article.
- 1873–1928: Booklet on “How to Become a Lightning Calculator”, No. 2
- 1901: “Rechenmachinen [“Calculating Machines” trs.] Bibliogr. Institut in Leipzig, Zum Art “Rechenmaschinen” (Bld. 21). Original wood engraved plate, pp. 1–2. showing engravings of calculating machines by Pascal, Leibniz, Steiger and Egli (Millionaire), Burroughs, Burkhard, Brunsviga, and J. H. Müller.
- 1913: Advertisement by Hertztark Co. for “Austria” Calculating Machine
- Comptometer Manual 1921|1921: Felt and Tarrant Comptometer Manual
- Monro 1937|1937: Advertisement for Monroe Calculators featuring Marching numbers
- HP-Scientific American 1973|1973: “HP Measurement/Computation:changing things for the better”, Scientific American, July 1973, pp. 6–7. Original print article. Two full page advertisement for the HP-35, HP-45 and HP-46 scientific calculators.
(:if equal {Site.PrintBook$:PSW} "False":)
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Schickard1.jpg First Devices
- Abacus (Chinese, contemporary)
- 1480-1520: French Jeton, Late Medieval
- 1577: Calculi Ordinum Belgii, “Port Salu”
- ‘1623’: Schickard’s “Calculating Clock” - reconstruction from surviving manuscript
- ‘~1652’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - replica based on surviving examples
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Henrion.png Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners
- 1626: Dennis Henrion: Traicté de logarithmes
- 1783: Tables Portatives de Logarithmes, by Gardiner improved and perfected in their disposition by M. Callet
- 1892: Ropp’s Commercial Calculator Book, World’s Fair Edition
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png The first “computer manual”?
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ButterfieldSector.png Sectors and Dividers
- 1675-1715: Brass French Gunnery Sector by Michael Butterfield, Paris
- ~1830: Oxbone Architect’s Sector by T. and H. Doublett, London
- ~1740-1810: 2 Pairs of Dividers - made in England
- ~1750-1800 Early print of drawings of Dividers and other Instruments by T. Jefferys
- ~1880 Set of Proportional Dividers and other Mathematical Drawing Instruments by Henri Morin, Paris
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Convertiseur.png Conversion Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/GunterRule.jpg Gunter’s Proportional Rule
- 1626: Design of a Logarithmic Proportional Rule (following Gunter 1624)
- 1831-1843: Gunter rule for navigation by Belcher and Bros, New York, New York
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Everard.jpg Slide Rules
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Schickard1W100.jpg First Devices
- Abacus (Chinese, contemporary)]]
- 1480–1520: French Jeton, Late Medieval]]
- 1577: Calculi Ordinum Belgii, “Port Salu”]]
- ‘1623’: Schickard’s “Calculating Clock” - reconstruction from surviving manuscript]]
- ‘~1652’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - replica based on surviving examples]]
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HenrionW100.jpg Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners
- 1626: Dennis Henrion: Traicté de logarithmes]]
- 1783: Tables Portatives de Logarithmes, by Gardiner improved and perfected in their disposition by M. Callet]]
- 1892: Ropp’s Commercial Calculator Book, World’s Fair Edition]]
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2W100.jpg The first “computer manual”?
- 1672: Morland (Samuel) A New, and most useful Instrument for Addition and Subtraction of Pounds, Shillings, Pence, and Farthings]]
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ButterfieldSectorW100.jpg Sectors and Dividers
- 1675–1715: Brass French Gunnery Sector by Michael Butterfield, Paris]]
- ~1830: Oxbone Architect’s Sector by T. and H. Doublett, London]]
- ~1740–1810: 2 Pairs of Dividers - made in England]]
- ~1750–1800 Early print of drawings of Dividers and other Instruments by T. Jefferys]]
- ~1880 Set of Proportional Dividers and other Mathematical Drawing Instruments by Henri Morin, Paris]]
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ConvertiseurW100.jpg Conversion Devices
- 1790–1810: Instrument for conversion from Aunes to Metres by Gabrielle CHAIX, Paris]]
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/GunterRuleW100.jpg Gunter’s Proportional Rule
- [1626: Design of a Logarithmic Proportional Rule (following Gunter 1624)]]
- 1831–1843: Gunter rule for navigation by Belcher and Bros, New York, New York]]
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/EverardW100.jpg Slide Rules
- 1727: Designs of 3 Logarithmic Rules 1626–1726 (as described by Jacob Leupold 1727) ]]
- 1759–69: Edward Roberts Everard Pattern Gauger’s Slide Rule]]
- 1821–84: Joseph Long, London, Alcohol Proof Index Slide Rule]]
- ~1928: Keuffel & Esser 4088-3 serial 348119 Slide Rule
- ~1948: Lawrence 10-G Cutting Speed Calculator
- 1967-73: Faber Castell 2/83N Novo Duplex slide rule
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Thacher.jpg Cylindrical Slide Rules
- 1911: Thacher’s Calculating Instrument, No. 4012 by Keuffel & Esser
- 1926: Professor Fuller’s Fuller Cylindrical Slide Rule Model 2 No. 5706
- ~1960: Otis King Rotary Slide Rule, Type L C, serial T6205, scales 429 and 430
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Charpentier.jpg Circular Slide Rules
- 1847: Palmer’s Computing Scale and Fuller’s Time Telegraph, issue 4
- ~1881: Charpentier Calculimètre circular slide rule?
- ~1935: Supremathic Circular slide rule
- 1948: Fowler Long Scale Jubilee Magnum extra long scale calculator Fowler’s “Jubilee Magnum” Circular Slide Rule
- 1960s: KL-1 Russian Mechanical Circular Slide Rule and case
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Bloch1.jpg Proportional Nomographic Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Webb.jpg Stylus or Slider operated Adders
- ~1928: Keuffel & Esser 4088–3 serial 348119 Slide Rule]]
- ~1948: Lawrence 10-G Cutting Speed Calculator]]
- 1967–73: Faber Castell 2/83N Novo Duplex slide rule]]
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ThacherW100.jpg Cylindrical Slide Rules
- 1911: Thacher’s Calculating Instrument, No. 4012 by Keuffel & Esser]]
- 1926: Professor Fuller’s Fuller Cylindrical Slide Rule Model 2 No. 5706]]
- ~1960: Otis King Rotary Slide Rule, Type L C, serial T6205, scales 429 and 430]]
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/CharpentierW100.jpg Circular Slide Rules
- 1847: Palmer’s Computing Scale and Fuller’s Time Telegraph, issue 4]]
- ~1881: Charpentier Calculimètre circular slide rule]]
- ~1935: Supremathic Circular slide rule]]
- 1948: Fowler Long Scale Jubilee Magnum extra long scale calculator Fowler’s “Jubilee Magnum” Circular Slide Rule]]
- 1960s: KL-1 Russian Mechanical Circular Slide Rule and case]]
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Bloch1W100.jpg Proportional Nomographic Calculators
- ~1924: Bloch Schnellkalkulator]]
- ~1947 Der Zeitermittler]]
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/WebbW100.jpg Stylus or Slider operated Adders
- 1869 model Web Patent Adder and Talley Board serial B2040]]
- 1890–1900: A. M. Stevenson Adder]]
- 1905–1911: Locke Adder]]
- 1910–1920s Comptator, 9 column]]
- ~1910 Adall Concentric-disk Adding Machine]]
- ~1915: Golden Gem Automatic Adding Machine, serial 73158]]
- 1920: Addiator Troncet adder]]
(:ifend:)
(:if equal {Site.PrintBook$:PSW} "False":) The following objects form the collection of the author (for convenience referred to here as “collection Calculant”). They are used here as an aid to insight about the history of calculating technology.
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Schickard1.jpg First Devices
- Abacus (Chinese, contemporary)
- 1480-1520: French Jeton, Late Medieval
- 1577: Calculi Ordinum Belgii, “Port Salu”
- ‘1623’: Schickard’s “Calculating Clock” - reconstruction from surviving manuscript
- ‘~1652’: Blaise Pascal’s “Pascaline” - replica based on surviving examples
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Henrion.png Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners
- 1626: Dennis Henrion: Traicté de logarithmes
- 1783: Tables Portatives de Logarithmes, by Gardiner improved and perfected in their disposition by M. Callet
- 1892: Ropp’s Commercial Calculator Book, World’s Fair Edition
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png The first “computer manual”?
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ButterfieldSector.png Sectors and Dividers
- 1675-1715: Brass French Gunnery Sector by Michael Butterfield, Paris
- ~1830: Oxbone Architect’s Sector by T. and H. Doublett, London
- ~1740-1810: 2 Pairs of Dividers - made in England
- ~1750-1800 Early print of drawings of Dividers and other Instruments by T. Jefferys
- ~1880 Set of Proportional Dividers and other Mathematical Drawing Instruments by Henri Morin, Paris
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Convertiseur.png Conversion Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/GunterRule.jpg Gunter’s Proportional Rule
- 1626: Design of a Logarithmic Proportional Rule (following Gunter 1624)
- 1831-1843: Gunter rule for navigation by Belcher and Bros, New York, New York
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Everard.jpg Slide Rules
- 1727: Designs of 3 Logarithmic Rules 1626-1726 (as described by Jacob Leupold 1727)
- 1759-69: Edward Roberts Everard Pattern Gauger’s Slide Rule
- 1821-84: Joseph Long, London, Alcohol Proof Index Slide Rule
- 1893-8: Tavernier-Gravet, Slide Rule, cursor inscribed as presented in 1898
- ~1928: Keuffel & Esser 4088-3 serial 348119 Slide Rule
- ~1948: Lawrence 10-G Cutting Speed Calculator
- 1967-73: Faber Castell 2/83N Novo Duplex slide rule
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Thacher.jpg Cylindrical Slide Rules
- 1911: Thacher’s Calculating Instrument, No. 4012 by Keuffel & Esser
- 1926: Professor Fuller’s Fuller Cylindrical Slide Rule Model 2 No. 5706
- ~1960: Otis King Rotary Slide Rule, Type L C, serial T6205, scales 429 and 430
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Charpentier.jpg Circular Slide Rules
- 1847: Palmer’s Computing Scale and Fuller’s Time Telegraph, issue 4
- ~1881: Charpentier Calculimètre circular slide rule?
- ~1935: Supremathic Circular slide rule
- 1948: Fowler Long Scale Jubilee Magnum extra long scale calculator Fowler’s “Jubilee Magnum” Circular Slide Rule
- 1960s: KL-1 Russian Mechanical Circular Slide Rule and case
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Bloch1.jpg Proportional Nomographic Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Webb.jpg Stylus or Slider operated Adders
- 1869 model Web Patent Adder and Talley Board serial B2040
- 1890-1900: A. M. Stevenson Adder
- 1905-1911: Locke Adder
- 1910-1920s Comptator, 9 column
- ~1910 Adall Concentric-disk Adding Machine
- ~1915: Golden Gem Automatic Adding Machine, serial 73158
- 1920: Addiator Troncet adder
- 1922: Scribola 10 column printing Adding Machine
- 1937: Add-O-Matic Adding Machine
- ~1946: Lightning Portable Adding Machine
- 1968: SEE Demonstration Adding Machine
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Adix.png Keyboard Adding Machines
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ThomasDeColmar.jpg Arithmometers
- 1884: Thomas de Colmar Arithmometer Model T1878 B, serial 2083
- 1909: Ludwig Spitz & Co., G.m.b.H., Berlin-Tempelhof TIM (Time is Money) Arithmometer
- ~1913: Bunzel-Denton Arithmometer Prototype with crank moved to front
- 1917: Madas IX Maxima calculator, serial 5532
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/BambergerOmega.png True Multiplying Calculators
- 1904-1905: Bamberger’s Omega Calculating Machine
- 1912: Millionaire Calculating Machine serial 2015 (10x10x20)
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/MercedesDemo.png Proportional Rack Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Brunsviga1896.png Pinwheel Calculators
- ~1896: Ohdner Brunsviga Schuster Calculator serial 3406
- 1945: Facit Model S Calculator serial 210652
- ~1951: Original Ohdner Model 39, Calculator serial 39-288965
- 1957: Walther Demonstration WSR160 Pinwheel Calculator
- ~1957: Walther WSR160 Pinwheel Calculator
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ComptometerWoodie.png Comptometers
- Sept 1896: Felt and Tarrant Comptometer: Earliest - wood-cased “Woodie” model, serial 2491
- ~ 1907: Comptometer oil bottle, marked with patent 23 April 1905; 6 April 1907
- ~ 1955 Bell Punch Sumlock Demonstration Comptometer
- 1950s: Bell Sumlock Comptometer Model 909/S/117.878 (made in Great Britain by Bell Punch Company Ltd)
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Curta1-1948.png Curta Calculators
- ~July 1948: CURTA Type 1 (pin sliders) earliest model calculator serial 5424
- 1967: CURTA Type I calculator serial 76436, near mint, with original case, cardboard box and instructions
- 1963: CURTA Type II calculator with Leather Case, serial 554765
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HerzstarkArithmometer.png Motorised Calculating Machines
- ~1929 “Herzstark” electric Calculating Machine serial 6549, badged by Herzstark, Vienna; essentially Badenia Model TE 13 Duplex
- 1950s-1960s: MADAS Model 20BTG serial 94046 electric calculator with true automatic division
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HP35.jpg Electronic Calculators
- July1972: Hewlett Packard HP 35 Calculator serial 1230A 79429, 1972 (second version)
- December 1973: Hewlett Packard HP 45 Calculator serial 1350A 36719, 1973
______
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/BolleeClip.jpg Ephemerae
- 1759: Algebre et Arithmetique - Machine de Arithmetique de Pascal”, Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d’Alembert, Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, First folio edition, 1759, Volume 22, Plate 2. (Hand coloured).
- 1797: Napier’s Rods in “Inland Navigation”, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 3rd Edition, 1797, plate CCCXLIV, Andrew Bell copperplate. Original print article.
- 1855: “Messrs. Scheutz’s New Calculating Machine”, The Illustrated London News, 30 June 1855, p. 661. Original print article.
- 1890: Leon Bollée Calculating Machine, “A New Calculating Machine of very General Applicability”, The Manufacturer and Builder, July 1890, p. 156. Original print article.
- 1873-1928: Booklet on “How to Become a Lightning Calculator”, No. 2
- 1901: “Rechenmachinen [“Calculating Machines” trs.] Bibliogr. Institut in Leipzig, Zum Art “Rechenmaschinen” (Bld. 21). Original wood engraved plate, pp. 1-2. showing engravings of calculating machines by Pascal, Leibniz, Steiger and Egli (Millionaire), Burroughs, Burkhard, Brunsviga, and J. H. Müller.
- 1913: Advertisement by Hertztark Co. for “Austria” Calculating Machine
- 1921: Felt and Tarrant Comptometer Manual
- 1937: Advertisement for Monroe Calculators featuring Marching numbers
- 1973: “HP Measurement/Computation:changing things for the better”, Scientific American, July 1973, pp. 6-7. Original print article. Two full page advertisement for the HP-35, HP-45 and HP-46 scientific calculators.
(:ifend:)
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Schickard1.jpg First Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Schickard1.jpg First Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png The first “Computer Manual”?
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png The first “computer manual”?
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png The first “Computer Manual”
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png The first “Computer Manual”?
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png The first “Computer Manual”?
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png The first “Computer Manual”
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png The first ‘Computer Manual’?
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png The first “Computer Manual”?
(:title Objects in collection Calculant:)
The following objects form the collection of the author. They are used here as an aid to insight about the history of calculating technology.
(:title Objects in "collection Calculant":)
The following objects form the collection of the author (for convenience referred to here as “collection Calculant”). They are used here as an aid to insight about the history of calculating technology.
The following objects form the collection of the author. They are used here to help uncover the history of how
The following objects form the collection of the author. They are used here as an aid to insight about the history of calculating technology.
The following objects form the collection of the author. They are used here to help uncover the history of how
- [[Diderot1759|1759: Algebre et Arithmetique - Machine de Arithmetique de Pascal”, Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d’Alembert, Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, First folio edition, 1759, Volume 22, Plate 2. (Hand coloured).
- [[Diderot1759|1759: Algebre et Arithmetique - Machine de Arithmetique de Pascal”, Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d’Alembert, Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, First folio edition, 1759, Volume 22, Plate 2. (Hand coloured).