(:title Objects in "collection Calculant":) (:if equal {Site.PrintBook$:PSW} "True":) The following objects form "collection Calculant". They are described in context in the text. ||align=left cellpadding=0 border=0 class=long id=collectionCalculant"Objects in collection Calculant" ||Attach:Schickard1W100.jpg||First Devices|||| || ||2100-2000 BC: Ur III Neo Sumerian Receipt of goods|| || ||~1894-1595 BC: Old Babylonian tag with cuneiform numeric and alphabetic characters|| || ||'~150-100 BC': Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - basic form by Kostas Kotsanas || || ||'~1150-100 BC': Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - with orrery by John Lancashire || || ||Abacus (Chinese, recent construction)|| || ||000-200: Ancient Roman dividers|| || ||000-300: Three Ancient Roman dice|| || ||100-200: Ancient Roman bronze astragalus (gaming knucklebone)|| || ||1480-1520: French Jeton, Late Medieval|| || ||1577: Calculi Ordinum Belgii, "Port Salu"|| || ||'1617': "Napier's bones" (recent construction)|| || ||'1623': Schickard's "Calculating Clock" - reconstruction from surviving manuscript|| || ||'~1650': Blaise Pascal's "Pascaline" - working exemplar based on surviving machines|| || ||'~1650': Blaise Pascal's "Pascaline" - replica of The Queen of Poland Pascaline (at Dresden)|| || || || ||Attach:HenrionW100.jpg||Early Books, Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners|||| || ||1626: Dennis Henrion: //Traicté de logarithmes//|| || ||1668: Gaspar Schott: //Organum Mathematicum Libris IX Explicandum//|||| || ||1783: //Tables Portatives de Logarithmes, by Gardiner improved and perfected in their disposition by M. Callet//|| || ||1892: //Ropp's Commercial Calculator Book//, World's Fair Edition|| || || || ||Attach:Morland2W100.jpg||The first "computer manual"?|| || ||1672: Morland (Samuel) //A New, and most useful Instrument for Addition and Subtraction of Pounds, Shillings, Pence, and Farthings// || || || ||Attach:ConvertiseurW100.jpg||Conversion and Reckoner Devices|| || ||1790-1810: Instrument for conversion from Aunes to Metres by Gabrielle CHAIX, Paris|| || ||1793: Pietr Holm "Tobacco Box" for determining ship's speed, and perpetual calendar|| || ||1849: Circular interest reckoner by L. Brooks, Great Falls, N.H. USA|| || ||1856: Cylindrical multiplication reckoner by J.B. Morill|| || ||~1876: Tachylemme by Casimir-Louis Chambon|| || || || ||Attach:ButterfieldSectorW100.jpg||Sectors and Dividers|| || ||000-200: Ancient Roman dividers|| || ||1675-1715: Brass French Gunnery Sector by Michael Butterfield, Paris|| || ||~1830: Oxbone Architect's Sector by T. and H. Doublett, London|| || ||~1740-1810: 2 Pairs of Dividers - made in England|| || ||~1750-1800 Early print of drawings of Dividers and other Instruments by T. Jefferys|| || ||~1880 Set of Proportional Dividers and other Mathematical Drawing Instruments by Henri Morin, Paris || || || ||Attach:GunterRule2W100.jpg||Gunter's Proportional Rule|| || ||1626: Design of a Logarithmic Proportional Rule (following Gunter 1624)|| || ||1831-1843: Gunter rule for navigation by Belcher and Bros, New York, New York || || || ||Attach:EverardW100.jpg||Slide Rules|| || ||1727: Designs of 3 Logarithmic Rules 1626-1726 (as described by Jacob Leupold 1727) || || ||1759-69: Edward Roberts Everard Pattern Gauger's Slide Rule|| || ||1821-84: Joseph Long, London, Alcohol Proof Index Slide Rule|| || ||1893-8: Tavernier-Gravet, Slide Rule, cursor inscribed as presented in 1898|| || ||~1928: Keuffel & Esser 4088-3 serial 348119 Slide Rule|| || ||~1948: Lawrence 10-G Cutting Speed Calculator|| || ||1967-73: Faber Castell 2/83N Novo Duplex slide rule || || || ||Attach:ThacherW100.jpg||Cylindrical Slide Rules|| || ||1911: Thacher's Calculating Instrument, No. 4012 by Keuffel & Esser|| || ||1926: Professor Fuller's Fuller Cylindrical Slide Rule Model 2 No. 5706|| || ||~1960: Otis King Rotary Slide Rule, Type L C, serial T6205, scales 429 and 430 || || || ||Attach:CharpentierW100.jpg||Circular Slide Rules|| || ||1847: Palmer's Computing Scale and Fuller's Time Telegraph, issue 4|| || ||~1881: Charpentier Calculimètre circular slide rule|| || ||~1935: Supremathic Circular slide rule|| || ||1948: Fowler Long Scale Jubilee Magnum extra long scale calculator Fowler's "Jubilee Magnum" Circular Slide Rule|| || ||1960s: KL-1 Russian Mechanical Circular Slide Rule and case || || || ||Attach:Bloch1W100.jpg||Proportional Nomographic Calculators|| || ||~1924: Bloch Schnellkalkulator|| || ||~1947 Der Zeitermittler || || || ||Attach:WebbW100.jpg||Stylus or Slider operated Adders|| || ||1869 model Web Patent Adder and Talley Board serial B2040|| || ||1889 model Web Adder serial 3220|| || ||1890-1900: A. M. Stevenson Adder|| || ||1905-1911: Locke Adder|| || ||~1912: The Standard Desk Calcumeter|| || ||1910-1920s Comptator, 9 column|| || ||~1910 Seidel & Naumann Adding Machine|| || ||~1910 Adall Concentric-disk Adding Machine|| || ||~1915: Golden Gem Automatic Adding Machine, serial 73158|| || ||1920: Addiator Troncet adder|| || ||~1920: Addo mod 2 adder, serial 2797|| || ||1922: Scribola 10 column printing Adding Machine|| || ||~1930: Quixsum model C imperial feet, inches and fractions Adding Machine|| || ||1937: Add-O-Matic Adding Machine|| || ||~1946: Lightning Portable Adding Machine|| || ||~1952: O.J. Adder|| || ||1968: SEE Demonstration Adding Machine|| || || || ||Attach:ContoW100.jpg ||Rotating Knob Operated Adders|| || || || ||Attach:SpaldingW100.jpg||Keyboard Adding Machines|| || ||1884: Spalding Adding Machine, serial 494|| || ||1891: The Centigraph Adding Machine, serial 1523|| || ||1903: Adix Adding Machine. Original model|| || ||~1908: The Adder, serial 1306|| || ||~1909: Kuli Calculator, serial 1192|| || || || ||Attach:ThomasDeColmarW100.jpg||Arithmometers|| || ||1884: Thomas de Colmar Arithmometer Model T1878 B, serial 2083|| || ||1909: Ludwig Spitz & Co., G.m.b.H., Berlin-Tempelhof TIM (Time is Money) Arithmometer|| || ||~1913: Bunzel-Denton Arithmometer Prototype with crank moved to front|| || ||1917: Madas IX Maxima calculator, serial 5532 || || || ||Attach:BambergerOmegaW100.jpg||True Multiplying Calculators|| || ||1904-1905: Bamberger's Omega Calculating Machine|| || ||1912: Millionaire Calculating Machine serial 2015 (10x10x20) || || || ||Attach:MercedesDemoW100.jpg||Proportional Rack Calculators|| || ||1923: Mercedes-Euklid Model 29 Demonstration calculator|| || ||1923: Mercedes-Euklid Model 29 calculator || || || ||Attach:Brunsviga1896W100.jpg||Pinwheel Calculators|| || ||~1896: Ohdner Brunsviga Schuster Calculator serial 3406|| || ||1945: Facit Model S Calculator serial 210652|| || ||~1951: Original Ohdner Model 39, Calculator serial 39-288965|| || ||1957: Walther Demonstration WSR160 Pinwheel Calculator|| || ||~1957: Walther WSR160 Pinwheel Calculator || || || ||Attach:ComptometerWoodieW100.jpg||Comptometers|| || ||Sept 1896: Felt and Tarrant Comptometer: Earliest - wood-cased "Woodie" model, serial 2491|| || ||~ 1907: Comptometer oil bottle, marked with patent 23 April 1905; 6 April 1907|| || ||~ 1955 Bell Punch Sumlock Demonstration Comptometer|| || ||1950s: Bell Sumlock Comptometer Model 909/S/117.878 (made in Great Britain by Bell Punch Company Ltd) || || || ||Attach:Curta1-1948W100.jpg||Curta and Alpina miniaturised step-drum calculators|| || ||~July 1948: Curta Type 1 (pin sliders) earliest model calculator serial 5424|| || ||1967: Curta Type I calculator serial 76436, near mint, with original case, cardboard box and instructions|| || ||1963: Curta Type II calculator with Leather Case, serial 554765|| || ||1961: Alpina miniaturised calculator, mint condition, with original case, serial 5944|| || || || ||Attach:HerzstarkArithmometerW100.jpg||Motorised Calculating Machines|| || ||~1929 "Herzstark" electric Calculating Machine serial 6549, badged by Herzstark, Vienna; essentially Badenia Model TE 13 Duplex|| || ||1950s-1960s: MADAS Model 20BTG serial 94046 electric calculator with true automatic division || || || ||Attach:HP35W100.jpg||Electronic Calculators|| || ||July1972: Hewlett Packard HP 35 Calculator serial 1230A 79429, 1972 (second version)|| || ||December 1973: Hewlett Packard HP 45 Calculator serial 1350A 36719, 1973|| || ||August 1973: Hewlett Packard HP 65 Calculator serial 1333A 06752, 1973|| || || || ||Attach:BolleeClipW100.jpg||Ephemerae|| || ||1759: Algebre et Arithmetique - Machine de Arithmetique de Pascal", Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert, //Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers//, First folio edition, 1759, Volume 22, Plate 2. (Hand coloured).|| || ||1797: Napier's Rods in "Inland Navigation", //Encyclopaedia Britannica//, 3rd Edition, 1797, plate CCCXLIV, Andrew Bell copperplate. Original print article.|| || ||1855: "Messrs. Scheutz's New Calculating Machine", //The Illustrated London News//, 30 June 1855, p. 661. Original print article.|| || ||1890: Leon Bollée Calculating Machine, "A New Calculating Machine of very General Applicability", //The Manufacturer and Builder//, July 1890, p. 156. Original print article.|| || ||1873-1928: Booklet on "How to Become a Lightning Calculator", No. 2|| || ||1901: "Rechenmachinen ["Calculating Machines" trs.] Bibliogr. Institut in Leipzig, //Zum Art "Rechenmaschinen"// (Bld. 21). Original wood engraved plate, pp. 1-2. showing engravings of calculating machines by Pascal, Leibniz, Steiger and Egli (Millionaire), Burroughs, Burkhard, Brunsviga, and J. H. Müller.|| || ||1913: Advertisement by Hertztark Co. for "Austria" Calculating Machine|| || ||1921: Felt and Tarrant Comptometer Manual|| || ||1937: Advertisement for Monroe Calculators featuring Marching numbers|| || ||1973: "HP Measurement/Computation:changing things for the better", //Scientific American//, July 1973, pp. 6-7. Original print article. Two full page advertisement for the HP-35, HP-45 and HP-46 scientific calculators.|| || ||1990: "A Calculator Chronicle: 300 Years of Counting and Reckoning Tools", 1 January 1990.|| ||tableend (:ifend:) (:if equal {Site.PrintBook$:PSW} "False":) The following objects form the collection of the author (for convenience referred to here as "collection Calculant"). They are used here as an aid to insight about the history of calculating technology. For photos of these objects click the [[Site.ObjectsGallery|photo gallery]]. For their story in context click [[Site.Part1BeforeTheModernEpoch|here]]. %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Schickard1.jpg '+First Devices+' * [[CuneiformReceipt|2100-2000 BC: Ur III Neo Sumerian Receipt of goods]] * [[CuneiformTag|~1894 BC - ~1595 BC: Old Babylonian tag with cuneiform numeric and alphabetic characters]] * [['~150-100 BC': Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - basic form by Kostas Kotsanas]] * [['~1150-100 BC': Antikythera mechanism reconstructed model - with orrery by John Lancashire]] * [[Abacus|Abacus (Chinese, recent construction)]] *[[Dividers C1-C3|000-200: Ancient Roman Dividers]] * [[Dice|000-300: Three Ancient Roman dice]] * [[Astragalus|100-200: Ancient Roman bronze astragalus (gaming knucklebone)]] * [[Jetton 1480|1480-1520: French Jeton, Late Medieval]] * [[Calculi 1577|1577: Calculi Ordinum Belgii, "Port Salu"]] * [[Napier's Bones 1617|'1617': "Napier's bones" (recent construction)]] * [[Schickard 1623|'1623': Schickard's "Calculating Clock" - reconstruction from surviving manuscript]] * [[Pascaline 1652|'~1650': Blaise Pascal's "Pascaline" - working exemplar based on surviving machines]] * [[DresdenPascaline1652|'~1650': Blaise Pascal's "Pascaline" - replica of The Queen of Poland Pascaline (at Dresden)]] %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Henrion.png '+Early Books, Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners+' * [[Henrion 1626|1626: Dennis Henrion: //Traicté de logarithmes//]] * [[Schott 1168|1668: Gaspar Schott: //Organum Mathematicum Libris IX Explicandum//]] * [[Gardiner 1783|1783: //Tables Portatives de Logarithmes, by Gardiner improved and perfected in their disposition by M. Callet//]] * [[Ropp 1892|1892: //Ropp's Commercial Calculator Book//, World's Fair Edition]] %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png '+The first "computer manual"?+' * [[Morland 1672|1672: Morland (Samuel) //A New, and most useful Instrument for Addition and Subtraction of Pounds, Shillings, Pence, and Farthings//]] %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Convertiseur.png '+Conversion and Reckoner Devices+' * [[CHAIX 1790|1790-1810: Instrument for conversion from Aunes to Metres by Gabrielle CHAIX, Paris]] * [[Holm 1793|1793: Pietr Holm "Tobacco Box" for determining ship's speed, and perpetual calendar]] * [[LBrooks 1849|1849: Circular interest reckoner by L. Brooks, Great Falls, N.H. USA]] * [[JB Morill 1856|1856: Cylindrical multiplication reckoner by J.B. Morill]] * [[Tachylemme 1876|~1876: Tachylemme by Casimir-Louis Chambon]] %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ButterfieldSector.png '+Sectors and Dividers+' *[[Dividers C1-C3|000-200: Ancient Roman Dividers]] * [[Butterfield Sector 1700|1675-1715: Brass French Gunnery Sector by Michael Butterfield, Paris]] * [[Doublett Sector 1830|~1830: Oxbone Architect's Sector by T. and H. Doublett, London]] * [[Dividers C18|~1740-1810: 2 Pairs of Dividers - made in England]] * [[Jefferys 1750-1800|~1750-1800 Early print of drawings of Dividers and other Instruments by T. Jefferys]] * [[Henri Morin ~1880|~1880 Set of Proportional Dividers and other Mathematical Drawing Instruments by Henri Morin, Paris]] %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/GunterRule.jpg '+Gunter's Proportional Rule+' * [[GunterHenrion1626|1626: Design of a Logarithmic Proportional Rule (following Gunter 1624)]] * [[GunterRule1836|1831-1843: Gunter rule for navigation by Belcher and Bros, New York, New York]] %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Everard.jpg '+Slide Rules+' * [[ThreeSlideRuleDesigns1727|1727: Designs of 3 Logarithmic Rules 1626-1726 (as described by Jacob Leupold 1727) ]] * [[Everard 1759|1759-69: Edward Roberts Everard Pattern Gauger's Slide Rule]] * [[Joseph Long 1821-84|1821-84: Joseph Long, London, Alcohol Proof Index Slide Rule]] * [[Tavernier Gravet 1893-8|1893-8: Tavernier-Gravet, Slide Rule, cursor inscribed as presented in 1898]] * [[Keuffel and Esser ~1928|~1928: Keuffel & Esser 4088-3 serial 348119 Slide Rule]] * [[Lawrence ~1948|~1948: Lawrence 10-G Cutting Speed Calculator]] * [[Faber Castell 1967|1967-73: Faber Castell 2/83N Novo Duplex slide rule]] %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Thacher.jpg '+Cylindrical Slide Rules+' * [[Thacher 1911|1911: Thacher's Calculating Instrument, No. 4012 by Keuffel & Esser]] * [[Fuller 1926|1926: Professor Fuller’s Fuller Cylindrical Slide Rule Model 2 No. 5706]] * [[Otis King 1960|~1960: Otis King Rotary Slide Rule, Type L C, serial T6205, scales 429 and 430]] %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Charpentier.jpg '+Circular Slide Rules+' * [[Palmers Computing Scale ~1846|1847: Palmer's Computing Scale and Fuller's Time Telegraph, issue 4]] * [[Calculim Charpentier 1881|~1881: Charpentier Calculimètre circular slide rule]] * [[Supremathic 1935|~1935: Supremathic Circular slide rule]] * [[Fowler 1948|1948: Fowler Long Scale Jubilee Magnum extra long scale calculator Fowler's "Jubilee Magnum" Circular Slide Rule]] * [[KL1 1960s|1960s: KL-1 Russian Mechanical Circular Slide Rule and case]] %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Bloch1.jpg '+Proportional Nomographic Calculators+' * [[Bloch Schnellkalkulator 1924 |~1924: Bloch Schnellkalkulator]] * [[Der Zeitermittler ~1947|~1947 Der Zeitermittler]] %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Webb.jpg '+Stylus or Slider operated Adders+' * [[Webb 1869|1869 model Web Patent Adder and Talley Board serial B2040]] * [[Webb 1889|1889 model Web Adder serial 3220]] * [[Stevenson 1890|1890-1900: A. M. Stevenson Adder]] * [[Locke 1901|1905-1911: Locke Adder]] * [[1908 Calcumeter|~1912: The Standard Desk Calcumeter]] * [[Comptator 1910|1910-1920s Comptator, 9 column]] * [[Seidel&Naumann 1910|~1910 Seidel & Naumann Adding Machine]] * [[Adall 1910|~1910 Adall Concentric-disk Adding Machine]] * [[Golden Gem 1915|~1915: Golden Gem Automatic Adding Machine, serial 73158]] * [[Addiator 1920|1920: Addiator Troncet adder]] * [[Addo 1920|~1920: Addo mod 2 adder, serial 2797]] * [[Scribola 1922|1922: Scribola 10 column printing Adding Machine]] * [[Quixsum 1930|~1930: Quixsum model C imperial feet, inches and fractions Adding Machine]] * [[Add-O-Matic 1937|1937: Add-O-Matic Adding Machine]] * [[Lightning 1946|~1946: Lightning Portable Adding Machine]] * [[OJ Adder 1952|~1952: O.J. Adder]] * [[SEE 1968|1968: SEE Demonstration Adding Machine]] %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Conto.jpg '+Rotating knob operated Adders+' * [[Conto 1922|1922: Conto Model C, serial 2175 Adding Machine]] %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/SpaldingW800.jpg '+Keyboard Adding Machines+' * [[Spalding 1884|1884: Spalding Adding Machine, serial 494]] * [[Centigraph 1891|1891: The Centigraph Adding Machine, serial 1523]] * [[Adix 1903|1903: Adix Adding Machine. Original model]] * [[Adder ~1908|~1908: The Adder, serial 1306]] * [[Kuli ~1909|~1909: Kuli Calculator, serial 1192]] %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ThomasDeColmar.jpg '+Arithmometers+' * [[Thomas De Colmar 1884|1884: Thomas de Colmar Arithmometer Model T1878 B, serial 2083]] * [[TIM 1909|1909: Ludwig Spitz & Co., G.m.b.H., Berlin-Tempelhof TIM (Time is Money) Arithmometer]] * [[Bunzel Prototype 1913|~1913: Bunzel-Denton Arithmometer Prototype with crank moved to front]] * [[site.Madas-IX-Maxima|1917: Madas IX Maxima calculator, serial 5532]] %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/BambergerOmega.png '+True Multiplying Calculators+' * [[Bamberger Omega 1904|1904-1905: Bamberger’s Omega Calculating Machine]] * [[Millionaire 1912|1912: Millionaire Calculating Machine serial 2015 (10x10x20)]] %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/MercedesDemo.png '+Proportional Rack Calculators+' * [[Mercedes 29 Demonstrator 1923|1923: Mercedes-Euklid Model 29 Demonstration calculator]] * [[Mercedes 29 1923|1923: Mercedes-Euklid Model 29 calculator]] %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Brunsviga1896.png '+Pinwheel Calculators+' * [[Brunsviga Schuster 1896|~1896: Ohdner Brunsviga Schuster Calculator serial 3406]] * [[Facit 1945|1945: Facit Model S Calculator serial 210652]] * [[Facit 1950|1950: Facit Model LX Calculator serial 105478]] * [[Original Ohdner 39-1951|~1951: Original Ohdner Model 39, Calculator serial 39-288965]] * [[Walther Demonstrator 1957|1957: Walther Demonstration WSR160 Pinwheel Calculator]] * [[Walther 1957|~1957: Walther WSR160 Pinwheel Calculator]] %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ComptometerWoodie.png '+Comptometers+' * [[ComptometerWoodie1896|Sept 1896: Felt and Tarrant Comptometer: Earliest - wood-cased “Woodie” model, serial 2491]] * [[Comptometer Oil Bottle 1907| ~ 1907: Comptometer oil bottle, marked with patent 23 April 1905; 6 April 1907]] * [[Sumlock Demonstrator 1955|~ 1955 Bell Punch Sumlock Demonstration Comptometer]] * [[Sumlock Comptometer 1950s|1950s: Bell Sumlock Comptometer Model 909/S/117.878 (made in Great Britain by Bell Punch Company Ltd)]] %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Curta1-1948.png '+The Curta and Alpina miniaturised step-drum calculators+' * [[Curta-1-1948|~July 1948: Curta Type 1 (pin sliders) earliest model calculator, serial 5424]] * [[Curta-1-1967|1967: Curta Type I calculator, near mint, with original case, cardboard box and instructions, serial 76436]] * [[Curta-2-1963|1963: Curta Type II calculator with Leather Case, serial 554765]] * [[Alpina-1961|1961: Alpina miniaturised calculator, mint condition, with original case, serial 5944]] %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HerzstarkArithmometer.png '+Motorised Calculating Machines+' * [[Hertstark 1929|~1929 "Herzstark" electric Calculating Machine serial 6549, badged by Herzstark, Vienna; essentially Badenia Model TE 13 Duplex]] * [[MADAS 1950-60s|1950s-1960s: MADAS Model 20BTG serial 94046 electric calculator with true automatic division]] %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HP35.jpg '+Electronic Calculators+' * [[HP-35-1972|July1972: Hewlett Packard HP 35 Calculator serial 1230A 79429, 1972 (second version)]] * [[HP-45-1973|December 1973: Hewlett Packard HP 45 Calculator serial 1350A 36719, 1973]] * [[HP-65-1973|August 1973: Hewlett Packard HP 65 Calculator serial 1333A 06752, 1973]] ______ %thumb% http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/BolleeClip.jpg '+Ephemera+' * [[Diderot1759|1759: Algebre et Arithmetique - Machine de Arithmetique de Pascal", Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d’Alembert, //Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers//, First folio edition, 1759, Volume 22, Plate 2. (Hand coloured).]] * [[EncyclopediaBritannica1797|1797: Napier's Rods in "Inland Navigation", //Encyclopaedia Britannica//, 3rd Edition, 1797, plate CCCXLIV, Andrew Bell copperplate. Original print article.]] * [[Scheutz1855|1855: "Messrs. Scheutz's New Calculating Machine", //The Illustrated London News//, 30 June 1855, p. 661. Original print article.]] * [[Bollee1890|1890: Leon Bollée Calculating Machine, "A New Calculating Machine of very General Applicability", //The Manufacturer and Builder//, July 1890, p. 156. Original print article.]] * [[Lightning booklet 2|1895: Booklet on “How to Become a Lightning Calculator”, No. 2]] * [[Rechenmachinen1901|1901: "Rechenmachinen ["Calculating Machines" trs.] Bibliogr. Institut in Leipzig, //Zum Art "Rechenmaschinen"// (Bld. 21). Original wood engraved plate, pp. 1-2.]] showing engravings of calculating machines by Pascal, Leibniz, Steiger and Egli (Millionaire), Burroughs, Burkhard, Brunsviga, and J. H. Müller. * [[Hertzstark 1913|1913: Advertisement by Hertztark Co. for "Austria" Calculating Machine]] * [[Comptometer Manual 1921|1921: Felt and Tarrant Comptometer Manual]] * [[Monro 1937|1937: Advertisement for Monroe Calculators featuring Marching numbers]] * [[HP-Scientific American 1973|1973: "HP Measurement/Computation:changing things for the better", //Scientific American//, July 1973, pp. 6-7. Original print article.]] Two full page advertisement for the HP-35, HP-45 and HP-46 scientific calculators. * [[A Calculator Chronicle 1990|1990: "A Calculator Chronicle: 300 Years of Counting and Reckoning Tools", from the exhibition at the IBM Gallery of Science and Art, Madison Avenue, 56th Street, New York City", 1 January 1990]] (:ifend:)