• Things that Count
  • Introduction
  • Part 1 Origins
  • Part 2 Modern Era
  • Part 3 Late Modern

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The objects below comprise “Collection Calculant” - a collection of “things that count”. (Click on photos to enlarge; click on text for fuller item description.)

For a more detailed collection objects list click here. For their story in context of a history of calculation click here.

Objects

1. Beginnings

Neo Sumerian receipt for ghee & cheese 2100-2000 BC	Old Babylonian tag receipt for sheep carcases 1934-1924 BC	Abacus Chinese	Dice Ancient Rome 000-300	Astragalus Ancient Rome 100-200
French jeton ~1480	Calculi Ordinum Belgii 1577	Napier’s Bones replica ’1617’	Schickard replica ’1623’	Pascaline exemplar ’~1650’	Queen of Poland Pascaline replica ’~1650’
Henrion Traicté de Logarithms 1626	Schott Organum Mathematicum 1668	Morland New arithmetic instruments 1672	Callet Tables Portatives 1783	Ropp Commercial Calculator 1892

2. Conversion and Reckoner Devices

Holm’s Tobacco Box for calculating ship’s speed Pietr Holms 1793

Convertiseur Chaix 1790-1810

Circular interest reckoner L. Brooks 1849

Cylindrical multiplication reckoner J. B. Morill 1856

3. Sectors

Gunnery Sector Butterfield 1675-1715

Arch. Sector Doublett 1830

Dividers English ~1750 & ~1800

Instruments Jefferys 1750-1800

Instruments Henri Morin 1880

4. Slide Rules

3 Log rulers design Leupold 1626-1676	Design Gunter scale 1626	Gunter rule 1831-1843	Everard pattern gauger’s slide rule Edward Roberts 1759-69	Alcohol strength slide rule Joseph Long 1821-84
Palmer’s Computing Scale & Fuller’s Time Telegraph 1847	Charpentier Calculimètre circular slide rule 1881	Engineer’s slide rule Tavernier-Gravet 1893-8	Thacher’s Calculating Instrument Keuffel and Esser 1911
Bloch Schnellkalkulator cutting speed nomograph ~1924	Prof Fuller’s Cylindrical Slide Rule Model 2 1926	Side rule Keuffel and Esser 1928	Supremathic Circular slide rule ~1935	Der Zeitermittler cutting speed nomograph 1947
Lawrence cutting speed calculator 1948	Fowler Jubilee Magnum circular slide rule 1948	Otis King Rotary Slide Rule Type L C 1960	Russian Pocket Slide Rule 1960s	Novo Duplex slide rule Faber Castell 1967

5. Simple adder/subtractors

Pascaline replica (gears & lever carry) ’~1652’	Webb Patent Adder (geared dials) C. H. Webb 1869	Webb Patent Adder (geared dials) C. H. Webb 1889	Stephenson (geared dials) Adder 1890-1900	Locke (sliders) Clarence E. Locke 1905-11
Adall (concentric disc) Adall Company 1910	Seidell & Naumann (chain) ~1910	Comptator (rack) Schubert & Salzer 1910-20s	Calcumeter (geared dials) James Walsh ~1912	Golden Gem (chain) Automatic Adding Machine Co 1915
Addiator (sliders) Addiator Gesellschaft 1920	Addo Mod 2 (rack) AB Addo 1920	Conto Mod C (rotating knobs & gears) Carl Landolt 1922	Scribola (rack printing) Ruthard & Co. 1922	Quixsum (rotating dials) Precision Adding Machine Co. 1930
Add-O-Matic (knobbed sliders) Allied Manuf. Co. 1937	Lightening Adder (gears) 1946	O.J. Adder (gears) Holman Engineering 1952	SEE Educational (gears) Select. Educ. Equipment Co. 1968

6. Early keyboard operated adders

Spalding (lever keyboard) Cyrus G. Spalding, Boston 1884

Centigraph (lever keyboard) American Adding Machine Co. 1891

Adix (lever keyboard) Adix Co. Mannheim 1903

The Adder (lever keyboard) Arthur James Postans ~1908

Kuli (lever keyboard) Adix Co. Mannheim ~1909

7. Stepped-drum Arithmometers

Thomas de Colmar Arithmometer 1884

TIM ’Time is Money’ Ludwig Spitz & Co 1909

Bunzel-Denton Prototype Arithmometer ~1913

MADAS Maxima (auto division) Arithmometer ~1917

8. Direct Multiplying & Proportional Rack Calculators

Schickard replica (gear adding & Napier rods system) ’1623’

Bamberger Omega (sliders adding & Napier rods system) 1904

Millionaire Calculating Machine (rack & rigid multiplication table) 1912

Mercedes-Euklid Mod 29 (Prop. rack, auto.division) 1923

Mercedes-Euklid Mod 29 Demo. Machine 1923

9. Pinwheel Calculators

Brunsviga- Schuster Ohdner B ~1896	Facit Mod C 1945	Facit Mod LX 1950	Original Ohdner Mod 39 1951
Walther WSR-160 ~1957	Demo. Walther WSR-160 ~1957

10. Comptometers

‘Woodie’ Comptometer Felt and Tarrant 1896

Oil Bottle Comptometer Felt and Tarrant 1907

Bell Sumlock Comptometer Bell Punch P/Ltd 1950s

Bell Punch Demo. Components from ~1955

11. Curta and Alpina (step drum miniaturised calculators)

Curta Type 1 very early pin sliders 1947

Curta Type 1 orig Box 1967

Curta Type 2 Leather carrying case 1963

Alpina step-drum & Case 1961

12. From electromechanical to electronic calculation

Hertstark badged (electric step drum) Badenia Mod TE 13 Duplex 1929	MADAS (electric step drum) Model 20BTG 1950s-60s
Hewlett Packard HP-35 Scientific Pocket Calculator July 1972	Hewlett Packard HP-45 Scientific Pocket Calculator December 1973	Hewlett Packard HP-65 Scientific Pocket Calculator August 1973

Ephemerae

Pascaline Mechanism Encyclopaedia Diderot & D’Alembert 1759	Napier’s Rods Encyclopaedia Britannica 1797	Scheutz’s Difference Engine Illust. Lond. News 1855	Léon Bollée’s Calculating Machine Manuf. & Build. 1890	Lightening Calculator No 2. 1895
3 Calculating Machines Wood Print Bib. Inst. Leipzig 1901	5 Calculating Machines Wood Print Bib. Inst. Leipzig 1901	”Austria” Calculating Machine Hertztark Co. 1913	Comptometer Manual Felt & Tarrant 1921
Monroe ”Marching Figures” Advertisement 1937	HP-35 Calculator Advertisement Scientific American 1973	HP-45 Calculator Advertisement Scientific American 1973	”A Calculator Chronicle” 300 Years of Counting IBM Exhibition 1990

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