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- The late Herbert Schneemann’s web site: A wonderful private collection of calculators belonging to and documented by the late Herbert Schneemann who contributed so much to the construction of Rechenmaschinen-Illustrated.
- https://archive.org - allows an Internet Archive search for manuals and other digitised documents relevant to the history of calculation technology. Searches may be made on items such as Monroe calculator; comptometer; as well as Le Calcul Mecanique, Catalogue Du Musee Section A Instruments Et Machines A Calculer - Conservatoire National Des Arts Et Metiers; Rechnen mit Maschinen - de Beauclair; [[https://archive.org/details/computingmechani00anto|Computing Mechanisms and Linkages - Antonin
Svoboda]]; and much else.
- https://archive.org - allows an Internet Archive search for manuals and other digitised documents relevant to the history of calculation technology. Searches may be made on items such as Monroe calculator; comptometer; as well as Le Calcul Mecanique, Catalogue Du Musee Section A Instruments Et Machines A Calculer - Conservatoire National Des Arts Et Metiers; Rechnen mit Maschinen - de Beauclair; Computing Mechanisms and Linkages - Antonin Svoboda; and much else.
- - allows an Internet Archive search for manuals and other digitised documents relevant to the history of calculation technology. Searches may be made on items such as Monroe calculator; comptometer; as well as [[https://archive.org/details/lecalculmecaniqu00doca |Le Calcul Mecanique, Catalogue Du Musee Section A Instruments Et Machines A Calculer - Conservatoire National Des Arts Et Metiers; Rechnen mit Maschinen - de Beauclair; [[https://archive.org/details/computingmechani00anto|Computing Mechanisms and Linkages - Antonin
- https://archive.org - allows an Internet Archive search for manuals and other digitised documents relevant to the history of calculation technology. Searches may be made on items such as Monroe calculator; comptometer; as well as Le Calcul Mecanique, Catalogue Du Musee Section A Instruments Et Machines A Calculer - Conservatoire National Des Arts Et Metiers; Rechnen mit Maschinen - de Beauclair; [[https://archive.org/details/computingmechani00anto|Computing Mechanisms and Linkages - Antonin
- - allows an Internet Archive search for manuals and other digitised documents relevant to the history of calculation technology. Searches on items such as Monroe calculator; comptometer; [[https://archive.org/details/lecalculmecaniqu00doca |Le Calcul Mecanique, [[ https://archive.org/details/cataloguedumusee00unse|Catalogue Du Musee Section A Instruments Et
Machines A Calculer - Conservatoire National Des Arts Et Metiers]]; Rechnen mit Maschinen - de Beauclair; [[https://archive.org/details/computingmechani00anto|Computing Mechanisms and Linkages - Antonin Svoboda]], to name just a few.
- - allows an Internet Archive search for manuals and other digitised documents relevant to the history of calculation technology. Searches may be made on items such as Monroe calculator; comptometer; as well as [[https://archive.org/details/lecalculmecaniqu00doca |Le Calcul Mecanique, Catalogue Du Musee Section A Instruments Et Machines A Calculer - Conservatoire National Des Arts Et Metiers; Rechnen mit Maschinen - de Beauclair; [[https://archive.org/details/computingmechani00anto|Computing Mechanisms and Linkages - Antonin
Svoboda]]; and much else.
- - allows an Internet Archive search for manuals and other digitised documents relevant to the history of calculation technology. Searches on items such as Monroe calculator; comptometer; [[https://archive.org/details/lecalculmecaniqu00doca |Le Calcul Mecanique, [[ https://archive.org/details/cataloguedumusee00unse|Catalogue Du Musee Section A Instruments Et
Machines A Calculer - Conservatoire National Des Arts Et Metiers]]; Rechnen mit Maschinen - de Beauclair; [[https://archive.org/details/computingmechani00anto|Computing Mechanisms and Linkages - Antonin Svoboda]], to name just a few.
- https://archive.org
- [https://www.zotero.org/ancmeca/items|ANCMECA Library - quite a comprehensive collection of digitised documents and references from the history of calculation technology]]
- ANCMECA Library - quite a comprehensive collection of digitised documents and references from the history of calculation technology
- https://www.zotero.org/ancmeca/items
- https://www.zotero.org/ancmeca/items
- [https://www.zotero.org/ancmeca/items|ANCMECA Library - quite a comprehensive collection of digitised documents and references from the history of calculation technology]]
- https://www.zotero.org/ancmeca/items
- ARC Regulas de Calculo Foro
- ARC Regulas de Calculo Foro
- Auction Team Breker (Köln (Godorf), Germany) run a scientific instruments speciality auction several times per year and occasionally also list items on ebay.
- Auction Team Breker (Köln (Godorf), Germany) run a scientific instruments speciality auction several times per year and occasionally also list items on ebay. Be aware that when they offer a calculator for sale they frequently attribute to it a much earlier date (for example, the date of the first patent) rather than the actual date of production.
- The History of Computing Project A collaborative history of computing. Principal Editor Cornelis Robat.
- The History of Computing Project A collaborative history of computing published by The History of Computing Foundation; 4021 VD 14; The Netherlands, Principal Editor Cornelis Robat.
- The History of Computing Project A collaborative history of computing.
- The History of Computing Project A collaborative history of computing. Principal Editor Cornelis Robat.
- The History of Computing Project A collaborative history of computing.
- Blaise Pascal, “Lettre dédicatoire à Monseigneur le Chancelier sur le sujet de la machine nouvellement inventée par le Sieur B.P. pour faire toutes sortes d’opérations d’arithmétique, par un mouvement reglé, sans plume ny jettons avec un advis necessaire à ceux qui auront curiosité de voir ladite machine, & de s’en servir”, 1645.
- Blaise Pascal, “Lettre dédicatoire à Monseigneur le Chancelier sur le sujet de la machine nouvellement inventée par le Sieur B.P. pour faire toutes sortes d’opérations d’arithmétique, par un mouvement reglé, sans plume ny jettons avec un avis nécessaire à ceux qui auront curiosité de voir ladite machine, & de s’en servir”, 1645.
- Blaise Pascal, “Lettre dédicatoire à Monseigneur le Chancelier sur le sujet de la machine nouvellement inventée par le Sieur B.P. pour faire toutes sortes d’opérations d’arithmétique, par un mouvement reglé, sans plume ny jettons avec un advis necessaire à ceux qui auront curiosité de voir ladite machine, & de s’en servir”, 1645.
- Blaise Pascal, “Lettre dédicatoire à Monseigneur le Chancelier sur le sujet de la machine nouvellement inventée par le Sieur B.P. pour faire toutes sortes d’opérations d’arithmétique, par un mouvement reglé, sans plume ny jettons avec un advis necessaire à ceux qui auront curiosité de voir ladite machine, & de s’en servir”, 1645.
- Arithmetical Machines & Instruments / 19th century Valéry Monnier’s other set of images and details of some of the most rare and precious calculating machines of the C19 (in French and English).
- Arithmetic Machines|Arithmetical Machines & Instruments / 19th century Valéry Monnier’s other set of images and details of some of the most rare and precious calculating machines of the C19 (in French and English).
- Worthpoint Yet another database of prices realised at auction. Prices are generally only available if you subscribe.
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- http://www.worthpoint.com/
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- Kovels database of prices realised at auction Requires the establishing of an account to gain access to prices.
- icollector.com Database of prices realised at auction.
- invaluable.com Database of prices realised at auction.
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- http://www.kovels.com/2008112713/Price-Guide/collectors-price-guide.html?id=13
- http://www.icollector.com/search.aspx
- http://www.invaluable.com/catalog/advancedSearch.cfm?srchScope=p
- HP Computer Museum Another set of comprehensive information on HP calculators including free downloads of reference material.
- The Museum of HP Caclulators Comprehensive information on HP calculators including serial number lists.
- Michael Hancock’s Burroughs Calculator Website Comprehensive survey of Burroughs calculators including listings by serial number and age, and much more.
- Thiago Bouzan’s Pascaline replicas constructed from Leggo - latest model, or prior model
- http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~smillie/Calculators/Calculators.htm
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fv1IawE3Hw4 (latest model), or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=olfNFXJEZOA (prior model)
- The mechanisms of Tchebyshev devoted to preserving the full set of inventions of the great Russian mathematician Pafnuty Lvovich Tchebyshev (1821–1894).
- Detlef Zerfowski|Internet pages about mechanical calculating devices and machines in German and English, and with a new book Our World-wide Knowledge on Calculating Machines, Slide Rules and Calculating Tools. An Approach for a Comprehensive Overview of the Knowledge from Past until Present.
- Detlef Zerfowski - Internet pages about mechanical calculating devices and machines in German and English, and with a new book Our World-wide Knowledge on Calculating Machines, Slide Rules and Calculating Tools. An Approach for a Comprehensive Overview of the Knowledge from Past until Present.
- https://www.zerfowski.com/rechengeraete.php
- Detlef Zerfowski|Internet pages about mechanical calculating devices and machines in German and English, and with a new book Our World-wide Knowledge on Calculating Machines, Slide Rules and Calculating Tools. An Approach for a Comprehensive Overview of the Knowledge from Past until Present.
- Keith Smillie’s From Abacus to Silicon Chip
- Calculant - well you must know about that, or you wouldn’t be here…
- things-that-count.net - well you must know about that, or you wouldn’t be here…
- http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~smillie/Calculators/Calculators.htm
- http://things-that-count.com
- http://things-that-count.net
- http://www.bibnum.education.fr/calcul-et-informatiques/calcul Classic scientific articles from before 1940 relevant to calculation, mathematics, and information science. Includes original documents from Pascale and Leibniz.
- Bibnum (Centre de ressources et d’information multimedia pour l’enseignement supérieur) Classic scientific articles from before 1940 relevant to calculation, mathematics, and information science. Includes original documents from Pascale and Leibniz.
- http://www.bibnum.education.fr/recherche/resultat/liste/
- http://www.bibnum.education.fr/calcul-et-informatiques/calcul
- Bibnum Classic scientific articles from before 1940 relevant to calculation, mathematics, and information science. Includes original documents from Pascale and Leibniz.
- http://www.bibnum.education.fr/calcul-et-informatiques/calcul Classic scientific articles from before 1940 relevant to calculation, mathematics, and information science. Includes original documents from Pascale and Leibniz.
- The Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum Claims to be the world’s biggest computer museum, situated in Paderborn, Germany.
- The Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum Claims to be the world’s biggest computer museum, situated in Paderborn, Germany.
- The Smithsonian Museums have now placed many of the antique calculators in their collections on view. They may be identified by searching for “calculator” in the search box.
- Histoire de l’Informatique Wide-ranging gallery of calculators and associated information. [in French]
- Histoire de l’Informatique Wide-ranging gallery of calculators and associated information. [in French]
- History of Computers hardware, software, internet… A very beautifully developed historical site by Georgi Dalakov in part structured under historical themes and with in that, leading inventors and their inventions, with many pictures of wonderful rare calculator antiques and related ephemerae.
- History of Mechanical Calculators Part of James Redin’s Xnumber World of Personal Caclulators site. Some useful links to documents (also listed in other sites.)
- History of Mechanical Calculators Part of James Redin’s Xnumber World of Personal Caculators site. Some useful links to documents (also listed in other sites.) Also a nice listing of some of the better known calculator collectors.
- http://www.si.edu/Museums
- Mechanische Rechenhilfsmittel und -maschinen by Detlef Zerfowski
- Mechanische Rechenhilfsmittel und -maschinen by Detlef Zerfowski including an extensive list of patents and also calculator sites
- Mechanische Rechenhilfsmittel und -maschinen by Detlef Zerfowski
- https://www.zerfowski.com/rechengeraete.php
Associations of Calculator Collectors and Collector Mail Lists
Associations of Calculator Collectors, Collectors Lists, and Collector Mail Lists
- Mechanical Calculator Collectors in the Net, list by James Redin
Associations of Calculator Collectors and Collector Mail Lists
Associations of Calculator Collectors, Collectors Lists, and Collector Mail Lists
- http://www.xnumber.com/xnumber/collectors_mech.htm
- History of the Facit Calculator by Christofer Nöring
- History of the Facit Calculator by Christofer Nöring
- Facit Page by James Redin including a comprehensive list of models of the Facit calculators.
- History of the Facit Calculator by Christofer Nöring
- Facit Page by James Redin including a comprehensive list of models of the Facit calculators.
- History of the Facit Calculator by Christofer Nöring
- http://www.dotpoint.com/xnumber/cmisc_facit_page.htm
- http://www.xnumber.com/xnumber/cmisc_facit_page.htm
- http://www.dotpoint.com/xnumber/facit_history.htm
- http://www.xnumber.com/xnumber/facit_history.htm
- http://calculant.meta-studies.net
- http://things-that-count.com
- François Babillot’s calculator website
- François Babillot’s calculator website
- Interstices - Machines à calculer
- Histoire de l’Informatique Wide-ranging gallery of calculators and associated information. [in French]
- Histoire de l’Informatique Wide-ranging gallery of calculators and associated information. [in French]
- Online documents A broad listing of useful links to documents covering the history of calculators.
- Online documents A broad listing of useful links to documents covering the history of calculators.
- Rechenmaschinen-Illustrated: The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin, “Die Rechenmaschinen”, 1925, and translated into English as Ernst Martin, “The Calculating Machines”, MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute, USA, “History of Computing” series, 1992.
- Rechenmaschinen-Illustrated: The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin, Die Rechenmaschinen, 1925, and translated into English as Ernst Martin, “The Calculating Machines”, MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute, USA, “History of Computing” series, 1992.
- John Wolff’s Web Museum Calculating Machines A wonderfully detailed site by an expert collector with great mechanical insight into the workings of the extensive set of calculators listed.
- John Wolff’s Web Museum Calculating Machines A wonderfully detailed site by an expert collector with great mechanical insight into the workings of the extensive set of calculators listed.
- John Wolff’s Web Museum Calculating Machines A wonderfully detailed site by an expert collector with great mechanical insight into the workings of the extensive set of calculators listed.
- John Wolff’s Web Museum Calculating Machines A wonderfully detailed site by an expert collector with great mechanical insight into the workings of the extensive set of calculators listed.
- John Wolff’s Web Museum Calculating Machines A wonderfully detailed site by an expert collector with great mechanical insight into the workings of the extensive set of calculators listed.
- John Wolff’s Web Museum Calculating Machines A wonderfully detailed site by an expert collector with great mechanical insight into the workings of the extensive set of calculators listed.
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- Rechenmaschinen-Illustrated: The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin, “Die Rechenmaschinen”, 1925, and translated into English as Ernst Martin, “The Calculating Machines”, MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute, USA, “History of Computing” series, 1992.
- Rechenmaschinen-Illustrated: The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin, “Die Rechenmaschinen”, 1925, and translated into English as Ernst Martin, “The Calculating Machines”, MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute, USA, “History of Computing” series, 1992.
- Robert Manley’s Slide Rule Site
- Robert Manley’s Slide Rule Site
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- Blaise Pascal, http://www.bibnum.education.fr/calculinformatique/calcul/la-pascaline-la-«%C2%A0machine-qui-relève-du-défaut-de-la-mémoire%C2%A0»
- Blaise Pascal, http://www.bibnum.education.fr/calculinformatique/calcul/la-pascaline-la-«%C2%A0machine-qui-relève-du-défaut-de-la-mémoire%C2%A0»
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- Webster Signature Database Provides an excellent starting point for searching for details of past makers of scientific instruments.
- Webster Signature Database Provides an excellent starting point for searching for details of past makers of scientific instruments.
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This is a collection of electronic resources (including selected links to other relevant websites) which form part of the background to the collected objects and associated analysis.
Early books
- John Napier, http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Books/Rabdologiae_seu_numerationis_per_virgula.pdf
- Blaise Pascal, http://www.bibnum.education.fr/calculinformatique/calcul/la-pascaline-la-«%C2%A0machine-qui-relève-du-défaut-de-la-mémoire%C2%A0»
- Jacob Leupold, http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Books/TheatrumArithmeticoGeometricum.pdf
- http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/m/math/browse/title/a.php
- http://www.bibnum.education.fr/recherche/resultat/liste/
Key websites
Survey websites
- http://www.rechnerlexikon.de/en/artikel/Main_Page
- http://www.rechenmaschinen-illustrated.com/
- http://www.histoire-informatique.org/idx/
- http://www.rechenkasten.de/BueromaschinenLexikon/index.html
- http://home.vicnet.net.au/~wolff/calculators/
- http://w1.131.telia.com/~u13101111/typewriters.html
- http://www.ph-ludwigsburg.de/fileadmin/subsites/2e-imix-t-01/user_files/mmm/mmm_online/
- http://www.mechrech.info
- http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/on-line-docs.html
- http://calcollect.free.fr/machines/macha.htm
- http://www.thocp.net/timeline/1620.htm
- http://bluemich.net/rechner/
- http://www.madeasy.de/2/mathe.htm
- http://www.opticaliamuseum.com/drawing/
- http://www.mipaginapersonal.movistar.es/web3/calculating/LLIBRE%20JPG/INDEX%20SOLO.htm#alfa
- http://calmeca.free.fr/calculmecanique_php/index_calmeca.php?lang=eng
Manuals and Instructions
- http://www.rechenwerkzeug.de/default.htm
- http://www.nicolamarras.it/calcolatoria/downloads_en.html
- http://www.mathsinstruments.me.uk/page62.html
- http://www.prehistoriadelainformatica.com/manuales-instructions/
- http://users.lewiston.com/ejorgens/office/miscellaneous/miscellaneous.html
- http://officemachinemanuals.com/catalog/miscellaneous.htm
- http://www.mechanicalculator.com/manuals/
- http://http://www.mccoys-kecatalogs.com/KEManuals/manuals.htm
Specialist websites
- http://www.arithmometre.org
- http://www.ami19.org/Arithmetic Machines
- http://mortati.com/glusker/elecmech/refslinks.htm
- http://ajmdeman.awardspace.info/
- http://www.yvesserra.fr/
- http://www2.cruzio.com/~vagabond/ComptHome.html
- http://www.vcalc.net/
- http://home.comcast.net/~wtodhner/calcs.html
- http://www.dotpoint.com/xnumber/cmisc_facit_page.htm
- http://www.dotpoint.com/xnumber/facit_history.htm
- http://www.taswegian.com/MOSCOW/soviet.html
- http://rk86.com/frolov/calcolle.htm
- http://officemachinemanuals.com/
- http://www.calculators.de/
- https://plus.google.com/photos/103618537816338035609/albums?banner=pwa
Gunter Scales & Sectors
- http://www.rainerstumpe.de/HTML/erl01.html
Slide Rules
- http://sliderulemuseum.com/
- http://sliderulemuseum.com/HSRC_Menu.htm
- http://www.hh.schule.de/metalltechnik-didaktik/museum/rechenschieber/scheiben/rs9.htm
- http://www.sliderule.ca/
- http://sliderule.ozmanor.com/index.html
- http://www.sliderules.info
- http://bluemich.net/rechner/rma21.htm#14
- http://oughtred.org/
- http://sliderules.lovett.com/cookiedev/extendedlitsearch.html
- http://www.rekeninstrumenten.nl/index.html
- http://www.hpmuseum.org/sliderul.htm
- http://www.xnumber.com/xnumber/hp.htm
- http://www.sliderule.it/
- http://sliderulemuseum.com/SR_Links.htm
- http://www.svpal.org/~dickel/OK/OtisKing.html
- http://linealis.org/
- http://www.sphere.bc.ca/test/2archives.html
Measuring & Drawing Instruments
- http://collectingme.com/measuring/
- http://www.petergh.f2s.com/instruments2.html
- http://geometricum.jimdo.com/collection/scientific-instruments/
- http://www.mathsinstruments.me.uk/page6.html
Museums
- http://www.arithmeum.uni-bonn.de/
- http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/onlinestuff/museum_objects/mathematics.aspx?page=1
- http://en.hnf.de/default.asp
- http://www.arithmometre.org/Musees/PageMusees.html
- http://www.landesmuseum-stuttgart.de/
- http://www.ph-ludwigsburg.de/fileadmin/subsites/2e-imix-t-01/user_files/mmm/mmm_online/
- http://www.uni-greifswald.de/~wwwmathe/RTS/node2.html
- http://http://www.radiomuseum.org/museum/d/computer-museum-der-rwth-aachen/.html
- http://www.compustory.com/
- http://www.computermuseum.nl/collecti.html
- http://www.computerhistory.org
- http://interstices.info/jcms/c_15272/machines-a-calculer
Other Useful Sites
- http://www.xnumber.com/xnumber/
- http://www.vintagecalculators.com/index.html
- http://www.crisvandevel.de/links.htm
- http://www.rechenwerkzeug.de/
- http://www.computissimo.ch/v-fran/calcul.htm
- http://www.earlyofficemuseum.com/calculating_machines.htm
- http://www.boelters.de/Rechenmaschinen/index.html
- http://retrocalculators.com/default.aspx
- http://www.rechenwerkzeug.de/default.htm
- http://www.rechenhilfsmittel.de/
- http://www.schneemann.de/index.htm
- http://www.w-hasselo.nl/mechn/index.php
- http://www.crisvandevel.de/
- http://calmeca.free.fr/calculmecanique_php/recherche_BDD/appel_resu_trouve_fichier.php?lang=eng
- http://www.hpmuseum.org/prehp.htm
- http://www.yesterdaysoffice.com/
- http://en.wikicollecting.org/calculators
- http://www.gbreda.it/mechcalc/link.php
- http://pactu.com/
- http://www.mwtca.org/tool-dealers.html
- http://public.beuth-hochschule.de/~hamann/
- http://www.mortati.com/glusker/elecmech/index.htm
Associations of Calculator Collectors and Collector Mail Lists
- http://www.lsoft.com/scripts/wl.exe?SL1=CALCLIST-L&H=LISTSERV.TECHNION.AC.IL
- http://groups.google.com/group/oldcalculatorforum
- http://groups.yahoo.com/group/oldcalcs/
- http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/sliderule/messages
- http://calcollect.free.fr/
- http://ifhbev.de/index.php?id=5
- http://www.webring.org/hub?ring=calculator
- http://www.datavis.ca/milestones/index.php?group=1600s
Personal Collections
- http://www.xnumber.com/xnumber/collectors_mech.htm
- http://www.xnumber.com/xnumber/
- http://www.calculators.szrek.com/
- http://www.jmgoldman.com/
- http://www.nzeldes.com/HOC/HOC_Core.htm
- http://www.hpricecpa.com/typewriterinfo9.html#acam
- http://www.mechanicalculator.com/
- http://machineacalculer.free.fr/
- http://www.calculi.nl/
- http://www.gateman.com/museum/c3.html
- http://www.peterkernwein.de/
- http://www.oldbits.com/collection.htm
- http://www.thimet.de/CalcCollection/Contents.html
- http://users.skynet.be/Fredscalculators/main.htm
- http://www.prehistoriadelainformatica.com/
- http://www.tcocd.de/index.shtml
- http://www.ulisse.bs.it/museo/index.htm
- http://www.telmachines.nl
- http://www.vierkantvoorwiskunde.nl/sikkepit/Rekenapparaten.html#terugvankleine
- http://calculant.meta-studies.net
Online stores
Some useful stores of antique scientific instruments. (Calculant has no financial connection with any of these stores and cannot vouch for anything advertised. Caveat Emptor applies!)
- http://www.fleaglass.com/
- http://www.gemmary.com/
- http://ebay.com
- http://www.gilai.com/topcat_14/Scientific-Instruments
- http://www.etesseract.com/
- http://www.patented-antiques.com/Backpages/survey/Drafting.htm
- http://www.thebestthings.com/measurin.htm
- http://www.sis.org.uk/dealers
- http://www.asiuk.net/
- http://www.newbegin.com/html/scientific.html
- http://www.antiques-sci-tech.com/wcat26.html
- http://www.breker.com/LiveAuctions/
- http://www.bonhams.com/
Reference
- http://historydb.adlerplanetarium.org/signatures/
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- The Curta Page Comprehensive coverage of the Curta calculator. Includes links to other Curta sites and manuals.
- The Calculator Reference Comprehensive coverage of Curta, Hewlett Packard, and Texas Instrument calculators. Includes links to other sites and manuals.
- Blaise Pascal, “Lettre dédicatoire à Monseigneur le Chancelier sur le sujet de la machine nouvellement inventée par le Sieur B.P. pour faire toutes sortes d’opérations d’arithmétique, par un mouvement reglé, sans plume ny jettons avec un advis necessaire à ceux qui auront curiosité de voir ladite machine, & de s’en servir”, 1645.
- Keuffel & Esser Slide Rule Manuals and Catalogues site by Clark McCoy.
- Webster Signature Database Provides an excellent starting point for searching for details of past makers of scientific instruments.
- Webster Signature Database Provides an excellent starting point for searching for details of past makers of scientific instruments.
- Le cabinet de curiosités d’Yves Serra A nice presentation of information on early calculators (with particular attention to those of Pascale and Leibnitz).
- Le cabinet de curiosités d’Yves Serra A nice presentation of information on early calculators (with particular attention to those of Pascale and Leibnitz).
- Le cabinet de curiosités d’Yves Serra A nice presentation of information on early calculators (with particular attention to those of Pascale and Leibnitz).
- Arithmetical Machines & Instruments / 19th century Valéry Monnier’s other set of images and details of some of the most rare and precious calculating machines of the C19 (in French and English).
- Arithmetical Machines & Instruments / 19th century Valéry Monnier’s other set of images and details of some of the most rare and precious calculating machines of the C19 (in French and English).
- François Babillot’s calculator website
- Greg’s slide rules
- linealis.org “Un site consacré aux instruments du calcul manuel tels que les règles et cercles à calcul, les curseurs, abaques, machines à calculer tenant dans la main, planimètres et intégrateurs.”
- The Slide Rule Universe by Sphere research corporation.
- Insterstices Machines à calculer l’association pour le musée international du calcul, de l’informatique et de l’automatique de Valbonne Sophia Antipolis (Amisa ) présente quelques pièces de son patrimoine.
- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christian-M. Hamann’s calculator site
- Mark Glusker’s calculator site
- Collection of Walter Szrek
- Collection of Christophe Mery
- Bibnum Classic scientific articles from before 1940 relevant to calculation, mathematics, and information science. Includes original documents from Pascale and Leibniz.
- The Gemmary Antique Scientific Instruments and Old & Rare Books - both a dealer and store front for sales on consignment. Often a bit pricey but quality is generally very high and the proprietor, Dr RC Blankenhorn is expert in this field.
- The Gemmary Antique Scientific Instruments and Old & Rare Books - both a dealer and store front for sales on consignment. Pricing tends to conform to the high quality of both the objects and the great care and expertise with which they are described, questions answered, and orders executed. The proprietor, Dr RC Blankenhorn is a well known expert in this field.
- http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/sliderule/messages Yahoo slide-rule group. It is very active.
- Yahoo slide-rule group. It is very active.
- http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/sliderule/messages Yahoo slide-rule group. It is very active.
- Old Electronic Calculators Yahoo group primarily for old electronic calculators.
- Computer Museum Aachen Primarily electronic computers.
- The Museum of Modern Human Progress (The American Computer Museum)
- Stichting Computermuseum (Netherlands)
- The Computer History Museum (Mountain View, California, USA)
- Cornell University Library Historical Math Monographs a wonderful collection of early mathematics books generally able to be read on line.
- Cornell University Library Historical Math Monographs. A wonderful collection of early mathematics books generally able to be read on line.
- Cornell University Library Historical Math Monographs a wonderful collection of early mathematics books generally able to be read on line.
- Comptometer Website Very authoritative website on the Felt & Tarrant Comptometer (although no longer maintained as thoroughly).
- Comptometer Website Very authoritative website on the Felt & Tarrant Comptometer.
- Scanned back issues of the Oughtred Society Journal and other publications An essential reference site for enthusiasts. Access to the last five years publications requires a password and username to be provided by the Society.
This is a collection of electronic resources which form part of the background to the collected objects and associated analysis.
This is a collection of electronic resources (including selected links to other relevant websites) which form part of the background to the collected objects and associated analysis.
- International Slide Rule Museum A survey site focussing primarily on slide rules with a wealth of links and other material including other related sites, and manuals and related material. See also its helpful and comprehensive links page.
- International Slide Rule Museum A survey site focussing primarily on slide rules with a wealth of links and other material including other related sites, and manuals and related material. See also its helpful and comprehensive links page.
- Otis King’s Patent Calculator Specialist site focussing on the Otis King cylindrical sliderule.
- http://www.rechenwerkzeug.de/default.htm
- Mein Rechner tut’s auch ohne Strom…
- Fred’s Mechanical CalculatorsCalculator collection of Fred Haegen
- Fred’s Mechanical Calculators Calculator collection of Fred Haegen
- Reinhard Atzbach’s extensive list of relevant literature (in German)
- rechenwerkzeug Reinhard Atzbach’s site with a very nice range of antique calculators generally in very nice condition, and an extensive listing of relevant literature (in German).
- Fred’s Mechanical CalculatorsCalculator collection of Fred Haegen
- Índice de las Máquinas de Calcular a comprehensive survey site by Josep Balsach Peig, in Spanish.
- Old Calculator Forum
- Old Calculator Forum e-mail list website mainly but not exclusively focussing on electric and early electronic calculators.
- Mathematische Maschinenmuseum. Collection of the Hochschule in Ludwigsburg (Germany)
- University of Greifswald An extensive mechanical calculator collection.
Associations of Calculator Collectors
Associations of Calculator Collectors and Collector Mail Lists
- Old Calculator Forum
- Prehistoriadelainformatica High quality collection of office machines by Eduardo Guillem, in Spanish.
A beautiful collection of Eduardo Guillem (Spain). Includes a fine selection of antique mechanical calculators and a number of manuals.
- Prehistoriadelainformatica High quality collection of office machines by Eduardo Guillem, in Spanish. Includes a fine selection of antique mechanical calculators and a number of manuals.
- Mechanical Calculating Devices by Wolf G. Blümich in German.
- Mechanische Rechenhilfsmittel Mechanical Calculating Devices by Wolf G. Blümich (in German.)
- Arithmetical Machines & Instruments / 19th century Valéry Monnier’s other set of images and details of some of the most rare and precious calculating machines of the C19.
- Arithmetic Machines and Instruments of the C19 Many photos of calculating machines and mathematical instruments owned by an important French collector.
- Arithmetical Machines & Instruments / 19th century Valéry Monnier’s other set of images and details of some of the most rare and precious calculating machines of the C19 (in French and English).
- Prehistoriadelainformatica High quality collection of office machines by Eduardo Guillem, in Spanish.
A beautiful collection of Eduardo Guillem (Spain). Includes a fine selection of antique mechanical calculators and a number of manuals.
- Telmachineverzameling Bob de Groot in Dutch
- sikkepit Collection of Jantine Bloemhof (in Dutch) primarily aimed at demonstrating to school children different ways of doing calculations before the advent of electronic calculators.
- Arithmetical Machines & Instruments / 19th century Valéry Monnier’s other set of images and details of some of the most rare and precious calculating machines of the C19.
- John Huey’s Picasawebalbum with illustrations of a wide range of Addiator Troncet calculators.
- World-wide Patent Database from the Encyclopaedia of Mechanical Calculators.
- Rechnerlexicon The leading and most comprehensive survey site for calculator specialists and collectors with information about almost every known mechanical calculator and a database of more than 23750 patents.
- World-wide Patent Database from the Encyclopaedia of Mechanical Calculators.
- World-wide Patent Database from the Encyclopaedia of Mechanical Calculators.
- Antiques of Science and Technology A short list of calculators, prices on application.
- International Slide Rule Museum A survey site focussing primarily on slide rules with a wealth of links and other material including other related sites, and manuals and related material. See also its helpful and comprehensive links page.
- Bonhams (London) run auctions of scientific instruments at least once per year.
- Bonhams (London) run occasional auctions of scientific instruments.
- Auction Team Breker (Köln (Godorf), Germany) run a scientific instruments speciality auction several times per year and occasionally also list items on ebay.
- Bonhams (London) run auctions of scientific instruments at least once per year.
- http://www.mwtca.org/tool-dealers.htmlMid-West Tool Collectors Association List of US antique tool dealers (not particularly calculators, but some relevant tools are accessible).
- Mid-West Tool Collectors Association List of US antique tool dealers (not particularly calculators, but some relevant tools are accessible).
- http://www.mwtca.org/tool-dealers.htmlMid-West Tool Collectors Association]] List of US antique tool dealers (not particularly calculators, but some relevant tools are accessible).
- http://www.mwtca.org/tool-dealers.htmlMid-West Tool Collectors Association List of US antique tool dealers (not particularly calculators, but some relevant tools are accessible).
- Gunter Works All about Gunter Scales and Sectors and how to use them (in German)
- Gunter Works All about Gunter Scales and Sectors and how to use them (mostly in German but also in part in English)
Gunter Scales & Sectors
- Gunter Works All about Gunter Scales and Sectors and how to use them (in German)
- http://www.mwtca.org/tool-dealers.htmlMid-West Tool Collectors Association]] List of US antique tool dealers (inter alia).
- http://www.mwtca.org/tool-dealers.htmlMid-West Tool Collectors Association]] List of US antique tool dealers (not particularly calculators, but some relevant tools are accessible).
- http://www.mwtca.org/tool-dealers.htmlMid-West Tool Collectors Association]] List of US antique tool dealers (inter alia).
Reference
- Webster Signature Database Provides an excellent starting point for searching for details of past makers of scientific instruments.
- Mathematical Instruments: A Private Collection
- Mathematical Instruments: A Private Collection
Measuring Instruments
Measuring & Drawing Instruments
- Mathematical Instruments: A Private Collection
- Collection of Kees Nagtegaal useful set of manuals for slide rules and the more common calculators.
- Gilai Collectibles
- Gilai Collectibles.
- Antique Scientific Instruments U.K.
- Newbegin Antiques
- Antique Scientific Instruments U.K..
- Newbegin Antiques.
- Scientific Instrument Society - UK listing of dealers in scientific instruments, notably including mathematical instruments.
- Antique Scientific Instruments U.K.
- Scientific Instrument Society - UK listing of dealers in scientific instruments, notably including mathematical instruments.
- Antique Scientific Instruments U.K.
- Newbegin Antiques
- Scientific Instrument Society - UK listing of dealers in scientific instruments, notably including mathematical instruments.
- Geometricum A systematic presentation of scientific instruments, in particular astrolabes, drawing instruments and surveying instruments from Roman to C19
- Geometricum Markus Geissbuehler presents a systematic presentation of scientific instruments, in particular astronomical, drawing instruments and surveying instruments from Roman to C19
- Geometricum A systematic presentation of scientific instruments, in particular astrolabes, drawing instruments and surveying instruments from Roman to C19
- ebay US, ebay Australia, ebay Germany, ebay Austria, ebay France, ebay Italy and in general ebay around the world is probably the prime location for purchase of the more common (and some less common) antique calculation devices and books. Prices are very variable and if you are lucky ridiculously cheap (or conversely absurdly expensive). You are absolutely on your own in judging the merit of the items on offer. Dates and descriptions are often on a scale of misleading to fanciful. Things advertised as “rare” are more often than not not.
- ebay US, ebay Australia, ebay Germany, ebay Austria, ebay France, ebay UK, ebay Italy and in general ebay around the world is probably the prime location for purchase of the more common (and some less common) antique calculation devices and books. Prices are very variable and if you are lucky ridiculously cheap (or conversely absurdly expensive). You are absolutely on your own in judging the merit of the items on offer. Dates and descriptions are often on a scale of misleading to fanciful. Things advertised as “rare” are more often than not not.
- ebay US, ebay Australia, ebay Germany, ebay Austria, ebay France and in general ebay around the world is probably the prime location for purchase of the more common (and some less common) antique calculation devices and books. Prices are very variable and if you are lucky ridiculously cheap (or conversely absurdly expensive). You are absolutely on your own in judging the merit of the items on offer. Dates and descriptions are often on a scale of misleading to fanciful. Things advertised as “rare” are more often than not not.
- ebay US, ebay Australia, ebay Germany, ebay Austria, ebay France, ebay Italy and in general ebay around the world is probably the prime location for purchase of the more common (and some less common) antique calculation devices and books. Prices are very variable and if you are lucky ridiculously cheap (or conversely absurdly expensive). You are absolutely on your own in judging the merit of the items on offer. Dates and descriptions are often on a scale of misleading to fanciful. Things advertised as “rare” are more often than not not.
- Opticalia Museum - museum menu is working, but the catalogue menu was still under construction in May 2012.
- Meeker’s Mechanical Nature Antiques - a cheap but generally not very old set of rules and drawing instruments.
- Teseract Early Scientific Instruments - a pricey but high quality inventory of antique scientific instruments including a notable collection of rules, sectors, and surveying and measuring instruments.
- Peter Giringhelli’s collection of measuring and drawing instruments, and rules
- Salas Das Armas - primarily of interest for measuring tools and in particular dividers.
- The Best of Things - primarily of interest for vintage measuring tools, primarily but not only from America.
- The Best of Things - primarily of interest for vintage measuring tools, primarily but not only from America.
- Salas Das Armas - primarily of interest for measuring tools and in particular dividers.
Measuring Instruments
- CollectingMe.com Some nice examples of various antique measuring instruments.
- Fleaglass a store front for a range of private sellers and dealers for various categories of antique scientific instruments including those for calculation
- The Gemmary Antique Scientific Instruments and Old & Rare Books both a dealer and store front for sales on consignment. Often a bit pricey but quality is generally very high and the proprietor, Dr RC Blankenhorn is expert in this field.
- Fleaglass - a store front for a range of private sellers and dealers for various categories of antique scientific instruments including those for calculation
- The Gemmary Antique Scientific Instruments and Old & Rare Books - both a dealer and store front for sales on consignment. Often a bit pricey but quality is generally very high and the proprietor, Dr RC Blankenhorn is expert in this field.
- The Best of Things - primarily of interest for vintage measuring tools, primarily but not only from America.
- ebay US, ebay Australia, ebay Germany, ebay Austria, ebay France and in general ebay around the world is probably the prime location for purchase of the more common (and some less common) antique calculation devices and books. Prices are very variable and if you are lucky ridiculously cheap (or conversely absurdly expensive). You are absolutely on your own on judging the merit of the items on offer. Dates and descriptions are often on a scale of misleading to fanciful. Things advertised as “rare” are more often than not not.
- ebay US, ebay Australia, ebay Germany, ebay Austria, ebay France and in general ebay around the world is probably the prime location for purchase of the more common (and some less common) antique calculation devices and books. Prices are very variable and if you are lucky ridiculously cheap (or conversely absurdly expensive). You are absolutely on your own in judging the merit of the items on offer. Dates and descriptions are often on a scale of misleading to fanciful. Things advertised as “rare” are more often than not not.
- ebay US, ebay Australia, ebay Germany, ebay Austria, ebay France and in general ebay around the world is probably the prime location for purchase of the more common (and some less common) antique calculation devices and books. However, you are absolutely on your own on judging the merit of the items on offer. Dates and descriptions are often on a scale of misleading to fanciful. Things advertised as “rare” are more often than not not.
- ebay US, ebay Australia, ebay Germany, ebay Austria, ebay France and in general ebay around the world is probably the prime location for purchase of the more common (and some less common) antique calculation devices and books. Prices are very variable and if you are lucky ridiculously cheap (or conversely absurdly expensive). You are absolutely on your own on judging the merit of the items on offer. Dates and descriptions are often on a scale of misleading to fanciful. Things advertised as “rare” are more often than not not.
- ebay US, ebay Australia, ebay Germany, ebay Austria, ebay France and in general ebay around the world is probably the prime location for purchase of the more common (and some less common) antique calculation devices and books. However, you are absolutely on your own on judging the merit of the items on offer. Things advertised as “rare” are more often than not not.
- ebay US, ebay Australia, ebay Germany, ebay Austria, ebay France and in general ebay around the world is probably the prime location for purchase of the more common (and some less common) antique calculation devices and books. However, you are absolutely on your own on judging the merit of the items on offer. Dates and descriptions are often on a scale of misleading to fanciful. Things advertised as “rare” are more often than not not.
- http://ebay.com, [http://ebay.com.au]], http://ebay.de, http://ebay.at, http://ebay.fr ebay around the world is probably the prime location for purchase of the more common (and some less common) antique calculation devices and books. However, you are absolutely on your own on judging the merit of the items on offer. Things advertised as “rare” are more often than not not.
- ebay US, ebay Australia, ebay Germany, ebay Austria, ebay France and in general ebay around the world is probably the prime location for purchase of the more common (and some less common) antique calculation devices and books. However, you are absolutely on your own on judging the merit of the items on offer. Things advertised as “rare” are more often than not not.
Some useful stores of antique scientific instruments - the Calculant cannot vouch for anything advertised. (Calculant has no financial connection with any of these stores.)
Some useful stores of antique scientific instruments. (Calculant has no financial connection with any of these stores and cannot vouch for anything advertised. Caveat Emptor applies!)
- The Gemmary Antique Scientific Instruments and Old & Rare Books both a dealer and store front for sales on consignment. Often a bit pricey but quality is generally very high and the proprietor is extremely knowledgeable.
- The Gemmary Antique Scientific Instruments and Old & Rare Books both a dealer and store front for sales on consignment. Often a bit pricey but quality is generally very high and the proprietor, Dr RC Blankenhorn is expert in this field.
Online stores
Some useful stores of antique scientific instruments - the Calculant cannot vouch for anything advertised. (Calculant has no financial connection with any of these stores.)
- Fleaglass a store front for a range of private sellers and dealers for various categories of antique scientific instruments including those for calculation
- The Gemmary Antique Scientific Instruments and Old & Rare Books both a dealer and store front for sales on consignment. Often a bit pricey but quality is generally very high and the proprietor is extremely knowledgeable.
- http://ebay.com, [http://ebay.com.au]], http://ebay.de, http://ebay.at, http://ebay.fr ebay around the world is probably the prime location for purchase of the more common (and some less common) antique calculation devices and books. However, you are absolutely on your own on judging the merit of the items on offer. Things advertised as “rare” are more often than not not.
- Philip A Cannon II’s site with a great deal of information cataloguing makers of instruments.
- Philip A Cannon II’s site with a great deal of information cataloguing makers of instruments.
- Philip A Cannon II’s site with a great deal of information cataloguing makers of instruments.
- Milestones in the History of Thematic Cartography, Statistical Graphics, and Data Visualization a nice timeline with links
- Milestones in the History of Thematic Cartography, Statistical Graphics, and Data Visualization a nice timeline with links.
- http://www.datavis.ca/milestones/index.php?group=1600s Milestones in the History of Thematic Cartography, Statistical Graphics, and Data Visualization
- Milestones in the History of Thematic Cartography, Statistical Graphics, and Data Visualization a nice timeline with links
- http://www.datavis.ca/milestones/index.php?group=1600s Milestones in the History of Thematic Cartography, Statistical Graphics, and Data Visualization
- Rechanmaschinen-Illustrated: The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin, “Die Rechenmaschinen”, 1925, and translated into English as Ernst Martin, “The Calculating Machines”, MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute, USA, “History of Computing” series, 1992.
- Rechenmaschinen-Illustrated: The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin, “Die Rechenmaschinen”, 1925, and translated into English as Ernst Martin, “The Calculating Machines”, MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute, USA, “History of Computing” series, 1992.
- in German.
- Mathematics site by Reiner Hoffmann in German.
- Giovanni Breda’s list of calculator collector websites
- Giovanni Breda’s list of calculator collector and calculator & slide rule websites
- Giovanni Breda’s list of calculator collector websites
- Mechanical Calculating Devices by Wolf G. Blümich in German.
- in German.
- Museum of Pocket Calculating Devices mainly focussing on electronic pocket calculators.
- Webring of Calculator Collecting simply a web-ring for those interested.
- Collection of Peter Kernwein
- “Old Bits” collection of Frank Salomon
- Calculator Collection of Anthon (Tony) Thimet
- Collection of Andreas Tabak
- Museo didattico del Computer in Itallian
- History of Computer Antiquity
- WikiCollecting article on collecting calculators
- http://www.xnumber.com/xnumber/ another list of collectors]]
- Another list of collectors
- http://www.xnumber.com/xnumber/ another list of collectors]]
- Office Machines Americana including a useful set of manuals.
- General calculator list from the “Museum of HP Calculators”
- Yesterday’s Office includes a forum for collectors of office antiques.
- World-wide Patent Database from the Encyclopaedia of Mechanical Calculators.
- Reinhard Atzbach’s extensive list of relevant literature (in German)
- Michel Bardel’s list Tentative list of all existing mechanical machines since 1820, together with FAQs abd serial numbers. An invaluable reference source.
- Michel Bardel’s list Tentative list of all existing mechanical machines since 1820, together with FAQs and serial numbers. An invaluable reference source.
- http://www.crisvandevel.de/Cris Vandevel’s Antique Mechanical Four-species Calculators
- Cris Vandevel’s Antique Mechanical Four-species Calculators
- Facit Page by James Redin including a comprehensive list of models of the Facit calculators.
- History of the Facit Calculator by Christofer Nöring
- Wim Hasselo’s comprehensive website
- http://www.crisvandevel.de/Cris Vandevel’s Antique Mechanical Four-species Calculators
- François Babillot’s Database of Antique Calculators
- Nathan’s Possibly Interesting History of Computing Website
- Collection of Giovanni Breda
- List of famous calculator collectors
- Dutch Circle for Historical Calculating Instruments
- Museum of HP Calculators History of Slide Rules
- The Death of the Slide Rule by James Redin
- Calculatrice
- Aus der Rechenmaschinen-Werkstatt von D. Bölter
- Collection of Herman Price
- Collection of Kees Nagtegaal
- Collection of Nico Baaijens
- The Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum Claims to be the world’s biggest computer museum.
- The Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum Claims to be the world’s biggest computer museum, situated in Paderborn, Germany.
- The Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum Claims to be the world’s biggest computer museum.
- IFHB Internationales Forum Historische Bürowelt e.V. with also an extensive set of links to other relevant sites.
- Michel Bardel’s list Tentative list of all existing mechanical machines since 1820, together with FAQs abd serial numbers. An invaluable reference source.
- Jan Meyer’s Geschichte der Rechenhilfsmittel)
- Jan Meyer’s Geschichte der Rechenhilfsmittel
- Calculant Included in celebration of infinite regression.
- Calculant - well you must know about that, or you wouldn’t be here…
- Swedish Typewriters Site - listing of antique office calculators
- Swedish Typewriters Site - listing of antique office calculators From the home page select the “The Collection” in the navigation bar on the left, and then scroll down to the RÄKNEMASKINER / CALCULATORS section.
- Swedish Typewriters Site - listing of antique office calculators
- William Ohdner’s site commemorating the Ohdner calculator
- Museum of Soviet Calculators
- Soviet Calculators Collection
- Rechanmaschinen-Illustrated: The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin, “Die Rechenmaschinen”, 1925, and translated into English as Ernst Martin, “The Calculating Machines”, MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute, USA, “History of Computing” series, 1992.
- Rechanmaschinen-Illustrated: The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin, “Die Rechenmaschinen”, 1925, and translated into English as Ernst Martin, “The Calculating Machines”, MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute, USA, “History of Computing” series, 1992.
- Rechanmaschinen-Illustrated: The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin, “Die Rechenmaschinen”, 1925, and translated into English as Ernst Martin, “The Calculating Machines”, MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute, USA, “History of Computing” series, 1992.
- Rechanmaschinen-Illustrated: The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin, “Die Rechenmaschinen”, 1925, and translated into English as Ernst Martin, “The Calculating Machines”, MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute, USA, “History of Computing” series, 1992.
- A specialist museum focussed on the history of calculation, housing many rare and precious antique calculators.
- The Arithmeum, Bonn A specialist museum focussed on the history of calculation, housing many rare and precious antique calculators.
- A specialist museum focussed on the history of calculation, housing many rare and precious antique calculators.
- Rechanmaschinen-Illustrated: The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin, “Die Rechenmaschinen”, 1925, and translated into English as Ernst Martin, “The Calculating Machines”,MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute, USA, “History of Computing” series, 1992.
- Rechanmaschinen-Illustrated: The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin, “Die Rechenmaschinen”, 1925, and translated into English as Ernst Martin, “The Calculating Machines”, MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute, USA, “History of Computing” series, 1992.
- Calculant Included in the spirit of infinite regression.
- Calculant Included in celebration of infinite regression.
- http://calculant.meta-studies.net Included in the spirit of infinite regression.
- Calculant Included in the spirit of infinite regression.
- The Curta Page Comprehensive coverage of the Curta calculator.
- The Curta Page Comprehensive coverage of the Curta calculator. Includes links to other Curta sites and manuals.
- http://calculant.meta-studies.net Included in the spirit of infinite regression.
- Comptometer Website Very authoritative website on the Felt & Tarrant Comptometer (although no longer maintained as thoroughly).
- The Curta Page Comprehensive coverage of the Curta calculator.
- CALCLIST a “must” subscription for the serious calculator collector.
- Miscellaneous Manuals Pay site, but if you can’t get these elsewhere…
- Calcolatoria downloads
- Mathematical Instruments Catalogues and Brochures
- Prehistoria de la Informatica Office Collectibles
- Online documents A broad listing of useful links to documents covering the history of calculators.
- Online documents A broad listing of useful links to documents covering the history of calculators.
Manuals and Instructions
- Calculator Manuals from Rechenwerkzeug.de
- Original documents on the History of Calculators
- International Slide Rule Museum
Slide Rules
- International Slide Rule Museum
- Rechenscheiber im Online-Museum
- Eric’s Slide Rule Site
- Anhang 2.1: Bedienungs- und Serviceanleitungen für Tabellen, Rechenschieber, -scheiben, -walzen und -skalen Instructions for many slide rules.
- Retrocalculators.com
ANCMECA - machine à écrire mécanique et à la machine à calculer mécanique in multiple languages.
- ANCMECA - machine à écrire mécanique et à la machine à calculer mécanique in multiple languages.
- Beiträge zur Geschichte des mechanischen Rechnens: Contributions to the History of Mechanical Calculation Good list of publications, books and historical articles dealing in particular with the history and internal workings of calculating machines.
- Beiträge zur Geschichte des mechanischen Rechnens: Contributions to the History of Mechanical Calculation Good list of publications, books and historical articles dealing in particular with the history and internal workings of calculating machines.
- Online documents A broad listing of useful links to documents covering the history of calculators.
Electromechanical calculating machines from the 1960’s includes extensive lists of other relevant links and books.
Other Survey Sites
- Electromechanical calculating machines from the 1960’s includes extensive lists of other relevant links and books.
Other Useful Sites
- Recommended links by Chris from Calclist
Associations of Calculator Collectors
ANCMECA - machine à écrire mécanique et à la machine à calculer mécanique in multiple languages.
Electromechanical calculating machines from the 1960’s includes extensive lists of other relevant links and books.
- Beiträge zur Geschichte des mechanischen Rechnens: Contributions to the History of Mechanical Calculation Good list of publications, books and historical articles dealing in particular with the history and internal workings of calculating machines.
- Mathematisches Maschinenemuseum Good historical summaries and a nice set of videos of machines in action.
Personal Survey Sites
Other Survey Sites
- Vintage Calculators Website A significant number of photos of the more widely collected old mechanical calculators, together with a survey of electrical and electronic machines.
Personal Survey Sites
- History of Mechanical Calculators Part of James Redin’s Xnumber World of Personal Caclulators site. Some useful links to documents (also listed in other sites.)
- Napier, Rabdologiae seu numerationis per vigula, 1628 (first published 1617).
- John Napier, Rabdologiae seu numerationis per vigula, 1628 (first published 1617).
- Büromaschinen Lexikon Published by Goeller-Verlag the annual office machines dictionary provided a comprehensive illustrated overview of common office equipment for the respective years. This site provides collectors with the information on calculators from that website.[in German]
- Büromaschinen Lexikon Published by Goeller-Verlag the annual office machines dictionary provided a comprehensive illustrated overview of common office equipment for the respective years. This site provides collectors with the information on calculators from that website.[in German]
- John Wolff’s Web Museum Calculating Machines A wonderfully detailed site by an expert collector with great mechanical insight into the workings of the extensive set of calculators listed.
- Jacob Leupold, Theatrum Arithmetico-Geometricum das ist: Schau-Platz der Rechen- und Mess-Kunst. . . . Christoph Zunkel, Leipzig, 1774 (first edition 1727)
- Jacob Leupold, Theatrum Arithmetico-Geometricum das ist: Schau-Platz der Rechen- und Mess-Kunst. . . . Christoph Zunkel, Leipzig, 1774 (first edition 1727). The best illustrated book on calculation and measurement published during the eighteenth century.
- Jacob Leupold, Theatrum Arithmetico-Geometricum das ist: Schau-Platz der Rechen- und Mess-Kunst. . . . Christoph Zunkel, Leipzig, 1774 (first edition 1727)
Rechanmaschinen-Illustrated: The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin, “Die Rechenmaschinen”, 1925, and translated into English as Ernst Martin, “The Calculating Machines”,MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute, USA, “History of Computing” series, 1992.
- Rechanmaschinen-Illustrated: The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin, “Die Rechenmaschinen”, 1925, and translated into English as Ernst Martin, “The Calculating Machines”,MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute, USA, “History of Computing” series, 1992.
Histoire de l’Informatique Wide-ranging gallery of calculators and associated information. [in French]
Büromaschinen Lexikon Published by Goeller-Verlag the annual office machines dictionary provided a comprehensive illustrated overview of common office equipment for the respective years. This site provides collectors with the information on calculators from that website.[in German]
- Histoire de l’Informatique Wide-ranging gallery of calculators and associated information. [in French]
- Büromaschinen Lexikon Published by Goeller-Verlag the annual office machines dictionary provided a comprehensive illustrated overview of common office equipment for the respective years. This site provides collectors with the information on calculators from that website.[in German]
Valéry Monnier’s extraordinary and expert website on the Thomas de Colmar Arithmometer
Arithmetic Machines and Instruments of the C19 Many photos of calculating machines and mathematical instruments owned by an important French collector.
- Valéry Monnier’s extraordinary and expert website on the Thomas de Colmar Arithmometer
- Arithmetic Machines and Instruments of the C19 Many photos of calculating machines and mathematical instruments owned by an important French collector.
Collection of Jay M. Goldman
- Collection of Jay M. Goldman
- [[Rabdologiae_seu_numerationis_per_virgula.pdf
- Napier, Rabdologiae seu numerationis per vigula, 1628 (first published 1617).
http://www.ami19.org Many photos of calculating machines and mathematical instruments owned by an important French collector.
Arithmetic Machines and Instruments of the C19 Many photos of calculating machines and mathematical instruments owned by an important French collector.
Histoire de l’Informatique Wide-ranging gallery of calculators and associated information. [in French]
Büromaschinen Lexikon Published by Goeller-Verlag the annual office machines dictionary provided a comprehensive illustrated overview of common office equipment for the respective years. This site provides collectors with the information on calculators from that website.[in German]
Specialist websites
Büromaschinen Lexikon Published by Goeller-Verlag the annual office machines dictionary provided a comprehensive illustrated overview of common office equipment for the respective years. This site provides collectors with the information on calculators from that website.[in German]
Specialist websites
Histoire de l’Informatique Wide-ranging gallery of calculators and associated information. [in French]
Early books
Key websites
Early books
Key websites
Survey websites
Specialist websites
Histoire de l’Informatique Wide-ranging gallery of calculators and associated information. [in French]
Histoire de l’Informatique Wide-ranging gallery of calculators and associated information. [in French]
http://www.ami19.org Many photos of calculating machines and mathematical instruments owned by an important French collector.
http://www.ami19.org Many photos of calculating machines and mathematical instruments owned by an important French collector.
Büromaschinen Lexikon Published by Goeller-Verlag the annual office machines dictionary provided a comprehensive illustrated overview of common office equipment for the respective years. This site provides collectors with the information on calculators from that website.[in German]
Histoire de l’Informatique Wide-ranging gallery of calculators and associated information. [in French]
Many photos of calculating machines and mathematical instruments owned by an important French collector.
Valéry Monnier’s extraordinary and expert website on the Thomas de Colmar Arithmometer
http://www.ami19.org Many photos of calculating machines and mathematical instruments owned by an important French collector.
Many photos of calculating machines and mathematical instruments owned by an important French collector.
Rechanmaschinen-Illustrated]: The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin, “Die Rechenmaschinen”, 1925, and translated into English as Ernst Martin, “The Calculating Machines”,MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute, USA, “History of Computing” series, 1992.
Rechanmaschinen-Illustrated: The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin, “Die Rechenmaschinen”, 1925, and translated into English as Ernst Martin, “The Calculating Machines”,MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute, USA, “History of Computing” series, 1992.
Early books Rechanmaschinen-Illustrated]: The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin, “Die Rechenmaschinen”, 1925, and translated into English as Ernst Martin, “The Calculating Machines”,MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute, USA, “History of Computing” series, 1992.
Key websites
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Schickard1.jpg First Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Henrion.png Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png The first “Computer Manual”?
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ButterfieldSector.png Sectors
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Convertiseur.png Conversion Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Everard.jpg Slide Rules
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Thacher.jpg Cylindrical Slide Rules
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/SUPREMATHIC.jpg Circular Slide Rules
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Webb.jpg Troncet Type Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Adix.png Keyboard Adding Machines
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ThomasDeColmar.jpg Arithmometers
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Millionair.png True Multiplying Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/MercedesDemo.png Proportional Rack Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Brunsviga1896.png Pinwheel Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ComptometerWoodie.png Comptometers
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Curta1-1948.png Curta Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HerzstarkArithmometer.png Motorised Calculating Machines
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HP35.jpg Electronic Calculators
______
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/LightningBooklet.png Ephemerae
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Schickard1.jpg First Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Henrion.png Logarithmic Tables, and Ready Reckoners
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Morland2.png The first “Computer Manual”?
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ButterfieldSector.png Sectors
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Convertiseur.png Conversion Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Everard.jpg Slide Rules
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Thacher.jpg Cylindrical Slide Rules
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/SUPREMATHIC.jpg Circular Slide Rules
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Webb.jpg Troncet Type Devices
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Adix.png Keyboard Adding Machines
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ThomasDeColmar.jpg Arithmometers
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Millionair.png True Multiplying Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/MercedesDemo.png Proportional Rack Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Brunsviga1896.png Pinwheel Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/ComptometerWoodie.png Comptometers
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Curta1-1948.png Curta Calculators
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HerzstarkArithmometer.png Motorised Calculating Machines
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/HP35.jpg Electronic Calculators
______
http://meta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/LightningBooklet.png Ephemerae
This is a collection of electronic resources which form part of the background to the collected objects and associated analysis.