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http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/3.0/80x15.png This work by Jim Falk is licensed under a %rel=”license%Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License Click on the logo to the left to see the terms on which you can use it.

. . . . Christoph Zunkel,  Leipzig, 1774 (first edition 1727). The
 best illustrated book on calculation and measurement published during
 the eighteenth century.PPPP*
 abbpcllebooks.library.cornell.edu/m/math/browse/title/a.phpPPPPxxxCornell
 University Library Historical Math Monographs. A wonderful collection
 of early mathematics books generally able to be read on line.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.bibnum.education.fr/recherabbpcllmeta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Books/TheatrumArithmeticoGeometricum.pdfPPPPxxxTheatrum
 Arithmetico-Geometricum das ist: Schau-Platz der Rechen- und
 Mess-Kunst. . . . Christoph Zunkel,  Leipzig, 1774 (first edition
 1727). The best illustrated book on calculation and measurement
 published during the eighteenth century.PPPP*
 abbpcllebooks.library.cornell.edu/m/math/browse/title/a.phpPPPPxxxCornell
 University Library Historical Math Monographs. A wonderful collection
 of early mathematics books generally able to be read on line.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.bibnum.education.fr/recherche/resultat/liste/PPPPxxxBibnum
 Classic scientific articles from before 1940 relevant to calculation,
 mathematics, and information science. Includes original documents from
 Pascale and Leibniz.PPPPPPVV Key websitesPPPPVV Survey websitesPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.rechnerlexikon.de/en/artikel/Main_PagePPPPxxxRechnerlexicon
 The leading and most comprehensive survey site for calculator
 specialists and collectors with information about almost every known
 mechanical calculator and a database of more than 23750 patents.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.rechenmaschinen-illustrated.com/PPPPxxxRechenmaschinen-Illustrated:
 The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating
 machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin,
 Die Rechenmaschinen, 1925, and translated into English as
 abbpcllwww.rechenmaschinen-illustrated.com/PPPPxxxErnst Martin, “The
 Calculating Machines”, MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute,
 USA, “History of Computing”  series, 1992.PP	PP*
 abbpcllwww.histoire-informatique.org/idx/PPPPxxxHistoire de
 l’Informatique Wide-ranging gallery of calculators and associated
 information. [in French] PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.rechenkasten.de/BueromaschinenLexikon/index.htmlPPPPxxxBüromaschinen
 Lexikon Published by Goeller-Verlag  the annual office machines
 dictionary provided a comprehensive illustrated overview of common
 office equipment for the respective years. This site provides
 collectors with the information on calculators from that website.[in
 German]PPPP* abbpcllhome.vicnet.net.au/~wolff/calculators/PPPPxxxJohn
 Wolff’s Web Museum Calculating Machines A wonderfully detailed site by
 an expert collector with great mechanical insight into the workings of
 the extensive set of calculators listed.PPPP*
 abbpcllw1.131.telia.com/~u13101111/typewriters.htmlPPPPxxxSwedish
 Typewriters Site - listing of antique office calculators From the home
 page select the “The Collection” in the navigation bar on the left,
 and then scroll down to the RäKNEMASKINER / CALCULATORS
 section.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.ph-ludwigsburg.de/fileadmin/subsites/2e-imix-t-01/user_files/mmm/mmm_online/PPPPxxxMathematisches
 Maschinenemuseum Good historical summaries and a nice set of videos of
 machines in action.PPPP*abbpcllwww.mechrech.infoPPPPxxxBeiträge
 zur Geschichte des mechanischen Rechnens: Contributions to the History
 of Mechanical Calculation Good list of publications, books and
 historical articles dealing in particular with the history and
 internal workings of calculating machines. PPPP*
 abbpclled-thelen.org/comp-hist/on-line-docs.htmlPPPPxxxOnline
 documents A broad listing of useful links to documents covering the
 history of calculators.PPPP*
 abbpcllcalcollect.free.fr/machines/macha.htmPPPPxxxMichel Bardel’s
 list Tentative list of all existing mechanical machines since 1820,
 together with FAQs and serial numbers. An invaluable reference
 source.PPPP* abbpcllwww.thocp.net/timeline/1620.htmPPPPxxxHistory of
 Computer AntiquityPPPP* abbpcllbluemich.net/rechner/PPPPxxxMechanische
 Rechenhilfsmittel Mechanical Calculating Devices by Wolf G.
 Blümich (in German.)PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.madeasy.de/2/mathe.htmPPPPxxxMathematics site by Reiner
 Hoffmann in German.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.opticaliamuseum.com/drawing/PPPPxxxOpticalia Museum -
 museum menu is working, but the catalogue menu was still under
 construction in May 2012.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.mipaginapersonal.movistar.es/web3/calculating/LLIBRE%20JPG/INDEX%20SOLO.htm#alfaPPPPxxxÍndice
 de las Máquinas de Calcular a comprehensive survey site by Josep
 Balsach Peig, in Spanish.PPPP*
 abbpcllcalmeca.free.fr/calculmecanique_php/index_calmeca.php?lang=engPPPPxxxFrançois
 Babillot’s calculator website PPPPPPVV Manuals and InstructionsPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.rechenwerkzeug.de/default.htmPPPPxxxCalculator Manuals from
 Rechenwerkzeug.dePPPP*
 abbpcllwww.nicolamarras.it/calcolatoria/downloads_en.htmlPPPPxxxCalcolatoria
 downloadsPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.mathsinstruments.me.uk/page62.htmlPPPPxxxMathematical
 Instruments Catalogues and BrochuresPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.prehistoriadelainformatica.com/manuales-instructions/PPPPxxxPrehistoria
 de la Informatica Office CollectiblesPPPP*
 abbpcllusers.lewiston.com/ejorgens/office/miscellaneous/miscellaneous.htmlPPPPxxxMiscellaneous
 Manuals Pay site, but if you can’t get these elsewhere…PPPP*
 abbpcllofficemachinemanuals.com/catalog/miscellaneous.htmPPPPxxxOffice
 Machines America Pay site.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.mechanicalculator.com/manuals/PPPPxxxCollection of Kees
 Nagtegaal useful set of manuals for slide rules and the more common
 calculators.PPPP*
 abbpcllabbpcllwww.mccoys-kecatalogs.com/KEManuals/manuals.htmPPPPxxxKeuffel
 & Esser Slide Rule Manuals and Catalogues site by Clark
 McCoy.PPPPPPVV Specialist websitesPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.arithmometre.orgPPPPxxxValéry Monnier’s extraordinary
 and expert website on the Thomas de Colmar ArithmometerPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.ami19.org/Arithmetic MachinesPPPPxxxArithmetical Machines
 & Instruments / 19th century Valéry Monnier’s other set of
 images and details of some of the most rare and precious calculating
 machines of the C19 (in French and English). PPPP*
 abbpcllmortati.com/glusker/elecmech/refslinks.htmPPPPxxxElectromechanical
 calculating machines from the 1960’s includes extensive lists of other
 relevant links and books.PPPP*
 abbpcllajmdeman.awardspace.info/PPPPxxxOriginal documents on the
 History of CalculatorsPPPP* abbpcllwww.yvesserra.fr/PPPPxxxLe cabinet
 de curiosités d’Yves Serra  A nice presentation of information on
 early calculators (with particular attention to those of Pascale and
 Leibnitz).PPPP*
 abbpcllwww2.cruzio.com/~vagabond/ComptHome.htmlPPPPxxxComptometer
 Website Very authoritative website on the Felt & Tarrant
 Comptometer.PPPP* abbpcllwww.vcalc.net/PPPPxxxThe Calculator Reference
 Comprehensive coverage of abbpcllwww.vcalc.net/cu.htmPPPPxxxCurta,
 abbpcllwww.vcalc.net/hp.htmPPPPxxxHewlett Packard, and
 abbpcllwww.vcalc.net/ti.htmPPPPxxxTexas Instrument calculators. 
 Includes links to other sites and manuals.PPPP*
 abbpcllhome.comcast.net/~wtodhner/calcs.htmlPPPPxxxWilliam Ohdner’s
 site commemorating the Ohdner calculatorPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.xnumber.com/xnumber/cmisc_facit_page.htmPPPPxxxFacit Page
 by James Redin including a comprehensive list of models of the Facit
 calculators.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.xnumber.com/xnumber/facit_history.htmPPPPxxxHistory of the
 Facit Calculator by Christofer Nöring PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.taswegian.com/MOSCOW/soviet.htmlPPPPxxxMuseum of Soviet
 CalculatorsPPPP* abbpcllrk86.com/frolov/calcolle.htmPPPPxxxSoviet
 Calculators CollectionPPPP*
 abbpcllofficemachinemanuals.com/PPPPxxxOffice Machines Americana
 including a useful set of manuals.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.calculators.de/PPPPxxxMuseum of Pocket Calculating Devices
 mainly focussing on electronic pocket calculators.PPPP* https://plus.google.com/photos/103618537816338035609/albums?banner=pwaPPPPxxxJohn Huey’s
 Picasawebalbum with illustrations of a wide range of Addiator Troncet
 calculators.PPPPPPVV Gunter Scales & SectorsPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.rainerstumpe.de/HTML/erl01.htmlPPPPxxxGunter Works All
 about Gunter Scales and Sectors and how to use them (mostly in German
 but also in part in English)PPPPVV Slide RulesPPPP*
 abbpcllsliderulemuseum.com/PPPPxxxInternational Slide Rule MuseumPPPP*
 abbpcllsliderulemuseum.com/HSRC_Menu.htmPPPPxxxHerman van Herwijnen’s
 Slide Rule Catalogue “LITE”PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.hh.schule.de/metalltechnik-didaktik/museum/rechenschieber/scheiben/rs9.htmPPPPxxxRechenscheiber
 im Online-MuseumPPPP* abbpcllwww.sliderule.ca/PPPPxxxEric’s Slide Rule
 SitePPPP* abbpcllsliderule.ozmanor.com/index.htmlPPPPxxxGreg’s slide
 rulesPPPP* abbpcllwww.sliderules.infoPPPPxxxRobert Manley’s Slide Rule
 SitePPPP* abbpcllbluemich.net/rechner/rma21.htm#14PPPPxxxAnhang 2.1:
 Bedienungs- und Serviceanleitungen für Tabellen, Rechenschieber,
 -scheiben, -walzen und -skalen Instructions for many slide rules.PPPP*
 abbpclloughtred.org/PPPPxxxThe Oughtred SocietyPPPP*
 abbpcllsliderules.lovett.com/cookiedev/extendedlitsearch.htmlPPPPxxxScanned
 back issues of the Oughtred Society Journal and other publications An
 essential reference site for enthusiasts.  Access to the last five
 years publications requires a password and username to be provided by
 the
 Society.PPPP*abbpcllwww.rekeninstrumenten.nl/index.htmlPPPPxxxDutch
 Circle for Historical Calculating InstrumentsPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.hpmuseum.org/sliderul.htmPPPPxxxMuseum of HP Calculators
 History of Slide RulesPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.xnumber.com/xnumber/hp.htmPPPPxxxThe Death of the Slide
 Rule by James RedinPPPP* abbpcllwww.sliderule.it/PPPPxxxCollection of
 Giovanni BredaPPPP*
 abbpcllsliderulemuseum.com/SR_Links.htmPPPPxxxInternational Slide Rule
 Museum A survey site focussing primarily on slide rules with a wealth
 of links and other material including other related sites, and manuals
 and related material.  See also its helpful and comprehensive
 abbpcllsliderulemuseum.com/SR_Links.htmPPPPxxxlinks page.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.svpal.org/~dickel/OK/OtisKing.htmlPPPPxxxOtis King’s Patent
 Calculator Specialist site focussing on the Otis King cylindrical
 sliderule.PPPP* abbpclllinealis.org/PPPPxxxlinealis.org “Un site
 consacré aux instruments du calcul manuel tels que les
 règles et cercles à calcul, les curseurs, abaques, machines
 à calculer tenant dans la main, planimètres et
 intégrateurs.”  PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.sphere.bc.ca/test/2archives.htmlPPPPThe Slide Rule Universe
 by 

. . . . Christoph Zunkel,  Leipzig, 1774 (first edition 1727). The
 best illustrated book on calculation and measurement published during
 the eighteenth century.PPPP*
 abbpcllebooks.library.cornell.edu/m/math/browse/title/a.phpPPPPxxxCornell
 University Library Historical Math Monographs. A wonderful collection
 of early mathematics books generally able to be read on line.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.bibnum.education.fr/recherabbpcllmeta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Books/TheatrumArithmeticoGeometricum.pdfPPPPxxxTheatrum
 Arithmetico-Geometricum das ist: Schau-Platz der Rechen- und
 Mess-Kunst. . . . Christoph Zunkel,  Leipzig, 1774 (first edition
 1727). The best illustrated book on calculation and measurement
 published during the eighteenth century.PPPP*
 abbpcllebooks.library.cornell.edu/m/math/browse/title/a.phpPPPPxxxCornell
 University Library Historical Math Monographs. A wonderful collection
 of early mathematics books generally able to be read on line.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.bibnum.education.fr/recherche/resultat/liste/PPPPxxxBibnum
 Classic scientific articles from before 1940 relevant to calculation,
 mathematics, and information science. Includes original documents from
 Pascale and Leibniz.PPPPPPVV Key websitesPPPPVV Survey websitesPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.rechnerlexikon.de/en/artikel/Main_PagePPPPxxxRechnerlexicon
 The leading and most comprehensive survey site for calculator
 specialists and collectors with information about almost every known
 mechanical calculator and a database of more than 23750 patents.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.rechenmaschinen-illustrated.com/PPPPxxxRechenmaschinen-Illustrated:
 The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating
 machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin,
 Die Rechenmaschinen, 1925, and translated into English as
 abbpcllwww.rechenmaschinen-illustrated.com/PPPPxxxErnst Martin, “The
 Calculating Machines”, MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute,
 USA, “History of Computing”  series, 1992.PP	PP*
 abbpcllwww.histoire-informatique.org/idx/PPPPxxxHistoire de
 l’Informatique Wide-ranging gallery of calculators and associated
 information. [in French] PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.rechenkasten.de/BueromaschinenLexikon/index.htmlPPPPxxxBüromaschinen
 Lexikon Published by Goeller-Verlag  the annual office machines
 dictionary provided a comprehensive illustrated overview of common
 office equipment for the respective years. This site provides
 collectors with the information on calculators from that website.[in
 German]PPPP* abbpcllhome.vicnet.net.au/~wolff/calculators/PPPPxxxJohn
 Wolff’s Web Museum Calculating Machines A wonderfully detailed site by
 an expert collector with great mechanical insight into the workings of
 the extensive set of calculators listed.PPPP*
 abbpcllw1.131.telia.com/~u13101111/typewriters.htmlPPPPxxxSwedish
 Typewriters Site - listing of antique office calculators From the home
 page select the “The Collection” in the navigation bar on the left,
 and then scroll down to the RäKNEMASKINER / CALCULATORS
 section.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.ph-ludwigsburg.de/fileadmin/subsites/2e-imix-t-01/user_files/mmm/mmm_online/PPPPxxxMathematisches
 Maschinenemuseum Good historical summaries and a nice set of videos of
 machines in action.PPPP*abbpcllwww.mechrech.infoPPPPxxxBeiträge
 zur Geschichte des mechanischen Rechnens: Contributions to the History
 of Mechanical Calculation Good list of publications, books and
 historical articles dealing in particular with the history and
 internal workings of calculating machines. PPPP*
 abbpclled-thelen.org/comp-hist/on-line-docs.htmlPPPPxxxOnline
 documents A broad listing of useful links to documents covering the
 history of calculators.PPPP*
 abbpcllcalcollect.free.fr/machines/macha.htmPPPPxxxMichel Bardel’s
 list Tentative list of all existing mechanical machines since 1820,
 together with FAQs and serial numbers. An invaluable reference
 source.PPPP* abbpcllwww.thocp.net/timeline/1620.htmPPPPxxxHistory of
 Computer AntiquityPPPP* abbpcllbluemich.net/rechner/PPPPxxxMechanische
 Rechenhilfsmittel Mechanical Calculating Devices by Wolf G.
 Blümich (in German.)PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.madeasy.de/2/mathe.htmPPPPxxxMathematics site by Reiner
 Hoffmann in German.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.opticaliamuseum.com/drawing/PPPPxxxOpticalia Museum -
 museum menu is working, but the catalogue menu was still under
 construction in May 2012.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.mipaginapersonal.movistar.es/web3/calculating/LLIBRE%20JPG/INDEX%20SOLO.htm#alfaPPPPxxxÍndice
 de las Máquinas de Calcular a comprehensive survey site by Josep
 Balsach Peig, in Spanish.PPPP*
 abbpcllcalmeca.free.fr/calculmecanique_php/index_calmeca.php?lang=engPPPPxxxFrançois
 Babillot’s calculator website PPPPPPVV Manuals and InstructionsPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.rechenwerkzeug.de/default.htmPPPPxxxCalculator Manuals from
 Rechenwerkzeug.dePPPP*
 abbpcllwww.nicolamarras.it/calcolatoria/downloads_en.htmlPPPPxxxCalcolatoria
 downloadsPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.mathsinstruments.me.uk/page62.htmlPPPPxxxMathematical
 Instruments Catalogues and BrochuresPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.prehistoriadelainformatica.com/manuales-instructions/PPPPxxxPrehistoria
 de la Informatica Office CollectiblesPPPP*
 abbpcllusers.lewiston.com/ejorgens/office/miscellaneous/miscellaneous.htmlPPPPxxxMiscellaneous
 Manuals Pay site, but if you can’t get these elsewhere…PPPP*
 abbpcllofficemachinemanuals.com/catalog/miscellaneous.htmPPPPxxxOffice
 Machines America Pay site.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.mechanicalculator.com/manuals/PPPPxxxCollection of Kees
 Nagtegaal useful set of manuals for slide rules and the more common
 calculators.PPPP*
 abbpcllabbpcllwww.mccoys-kecatalogs.com/KEManuals/manuals.htmPPPPxxxKeuffel
 & Esser Slide Rule Manuals and Catalogues site by Clark
 McCoy.PPPPPPVV Specialist websitesPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.arithmometre.orgPPPPxxxValéry Monnier’s extraordinary
 and expert website on the Thomas de Colmar ArithmometerPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.ami19.org/Arithmetic MachinesPPPPxxxArithmetical Machines
 & Instruments / 19th century Valéry Monnier’s other set of
 images and details of some of the most rare and precious calculating
 machines of the C19 (in French and English). PPPP*
 abbpcllmortati.com/glusker/elecmech/refslinks.htmPPPPxxxElectromechanical
 calculating machines from the 1960’s includes extensive lists of other
 relevant links and books.PPPP*
 abbpcllajmdeman.awardspace.info/PPPPxxxOriginal documents on the
 History of CalculatorsPPPP* abbpcllwww.yvesserra.fr/PPPPxxxLe cabinet
 de curiosités d’Yves Serra  A nice presentation of information on
 early calculators (with particular attention to those of Pascale and
 Leibnitz).PPPP*
 abbpcllwww2.cruzio.com/~vagabond/ComptHome.htmlPPPPxxxComptometer
 Website Very authoritative website on the Felt & Tarrant
 Comptometer.PPPP* abbpcllwww.vcalc.net/PPPPxxxThe Calculator Reference
 Comprehensive coverage of abbpcllwww.vcalc.net/cu.htmPPPPxxxCurta,
 abbpcllwww.vcalc.net/hp.htmPPPPxxxHewlett Packard, and
 abbpcllwww.vcalc.net/ti.htmPPPPxxxTexas Instrument calculators. 
 Includes links to other sites and manuals.PPPP*
 abbpcllhome.comcast.net/~wtodhner/calcs.htmlPPPPxxxWilliam Ohdner’s
 site commemorating the Ohdner calculatorPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.xnumber.com/xnumber/cmisc_facit_page.htmPPPPxxxFacit Page
 by James Redin including a comprehensive list of models of the Facit
 calculators.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.xnumber.com/xnumber/facit_history.htmPPPPxxxHistory of the
 Facit Calculator by Christofer Nöring PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.taswegian.com/MOSCOW/soviet.htmlPPPPxxxMuseum of Soviet
 CalculatorsPPPP* abbpcllrk86.com/frolov/calcolle.htmPPPPxxxSoviet
 Calculators CollectionPPPP*
 abbpcllofficemachinemanuals.com/PPPPxxxOffice Machines Americana
 including a useful set of manuals.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.calculators.de/PPPPxxxMuseum of Pocket Calculating Devices
 mainly focussing on electronic pocket calculators.PPPP* https://plus.google.com/photos/103618537816338035609/albums?banner=pwaPPPPxxxJohn Huey’s
 Picasawebalbum with illustrations of a wide range of Addiator Troncet
 calculators.PPPPPPVV Gunter Scales & SectorsPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.rainerstumpe.de/HTML/erl01.htmlPPPPxxxGunter Works All
 about Gunter Scales and Sectors and how to use them (mostly in German
 but also in part in English)PPPPVV Slide RulesPPPP*
 abbpcllsliderulemuseum.com/PPPPxxxInternational Slide Rule MuseumPPPP*
 abbpcllsliderulemuseum.com/HSRC_Menu.htmPPPPxxxHerman van Herwijnen’s
 Slide Rule Catalogue “LITE”PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.hh.schule.de/metalltechnik-didaktik/museum/rechenschieber/scheiben/rs9.htmPPPPxxxRechenscheiber
 im Online-MuseumPPPP* abbpcllwww.sliderule.ca/PPPPxxxEric’s Slide Rule
 SitePPPP* abbpcllsliderule.ozmanor.com/index.htmlPPPPxxxGreg’s slide
 rulesPPPP* abbpcllwww.sliderules.infoPPPPxxxRobert Manley’s Slide Rule
 SitePPPP* abbpcllbluemich.net/rechner/rma21.htm#14PPPPxxxAnhang 2.1:
 Bedienungs- und Serviceanleitungen für Tabellen, Rechenschieber,
 -scheiben, -walzen und -skalen Instructions for many slide rules.PPPP*
 abbpclloughtred.org/PPPPxxxThe Oughtred SocietyPPPP*
 abbpcllsliderules.lovett.com/cookiedev/extendedlitsearch.htmlPPPPxxxScanned
 back issues of the Oughtred Society Journal and other publications An
 essential reference site for enthusiasts.  Access to the last five
 years publications requires a password and username to be provided by
 the
 Society.PPPP*abbpcllwww.rekeninstrumenten.nl/index.htmlPPPPxxxDutch
 Circle for Historical Calculating InstrumentsPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.hpmuseum.org/sliderul.htmPPPPxxxMuseum of HP Calculators
 History of Slide RulesPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.xnumber.com/xnumber/hp.htmPPPPxxxThe Death of the Slide
 Rule by James RedinPPPP* abbpcllwww.sliderule.it/PPPPxxxCollection of
 Giovanni BredaPPPP*
 abbpcllsliderulemuseum.com/SR_Links.htmPPPPxxxInternational Slide Rule
 Museum A survey site focussing primarily on slide rules with a wealth
 of links and other material including other related sites, and manuals
 and related material.  See also its helpful and comprehensive
 abbpcllsliderulemuseum.com/SR_Links.htmPPPPxxxlinks page.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.svpal.org/~dickel/OK/OtisKing.htmlPPPPxxxOtis King’s Patent
 Calculator Specialist site focussing on the Otis King cylindrical
 sliderule.PPPP* abbpclllinealis.org/PPPPxxxlinealis.org “Un site
 consacré aux instruments du calcul manuel tels que les
 règles et cercles à calcul, les curseurs, abaques, machines
 à calculer tenant dans la main, planimètres et
 intégrateurs.”  PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.sphere.bc.ca/test/2archives.htmlPPPPThe Slide Rule Universe
 by Sphere research corporation.PPPPPPPPfarsome nasty examples of
 mediaeval torture chambers and dogs and cats and elephants and broils
 and gorgeous animals of all sorts measuring instruments of all
 sortsPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

abbpcllmeta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Books/TheatrumArithmeticoGeometricum.pdfPPPPxxxTheatrum
 Arithmetico-Geometricum das ist: Schau-Platz der Rechen- und
 Mess-Kunst. . . . Christoph Zunkel,  Leipzig, 1774 (first edition
 1727). The best illustrated book on calculation and measurement
 published during the eighteenth century.PPPP*
 abbpcllebooks.library.cornell.edu/m/math/browse/title/a.phpPPPPxxxCornell
 University Library Historical Math Monographs. A wonderful collection
 of early mathematics books generally able to be read on line.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.bibnum.education.fr/recherabbpcllmeta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Books/TheatrumArithmeticoGeometricum.pdfPPPPxxxTheatrum
 Arithmetico-Geometricum das ist: Schau-Platz der Rechen- und
 Mess-Kunst. . . . Christoph Zunkel,  Leipzig, 1774 (first edition
 1727). The best illustrated book on calculation and measurement
 published during the eighteenth century.PPPP*
 abbpcllebooks.library.cornell.edu/m/math/browse/title/a.phpPPPPxxxCornell
 University Library Historical Math Monographs. A wonderful collection
 of early mathematics books generally able to be read on line.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.bibnum.education.fr/recherche/resultat/liste/PPPPxxxBibnum
 Classic scientific articles from before 1940 relevant to calculation,
 mathematics, and information science. Includes original documents from
 Pascale and Leibniz.PPPPPPVV Key websitesPPPPVV Survey websitesPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.rechnerlexikon.de/en/artikel/Main_PagePPPPxxxRechnerlexicon
 The leading and most comprehensive survey site for calculator
 specialists and collectors with information about almost every known
 mechanical calculator and a database of more than 23750 patents.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.rechenmaschinen-illustrated.com/PPPPxxxRechenmaschinen-Illustrated:
 The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating
 machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin,
 Die Rechenmaschinen, 1925, and translated into English as
 abbpcllwww.rechenmaschinen-illustrated.com/PPPPxxxErnst Martin, “The
 Calculating Machines”, MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute,
 USA, “History of Computing”  series, 1992.PP	PP*
 abbpcllwww.histoire-informatique.org/idx/PPPPxxxHistoire de
 l’Informatique Wide-ranging gallery of calculators and associated
 information. [in French] PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.rechenkasten.de/BueromaschinenLexikon/index.htmlPPPPxxxBüromaschinen
 Lexikon Published by Goeller-Verlag  the annual office machines
 dictionary provided a comprehensive illustrated overview of common
 office equipment for the respective years. This site provides
 collectors with the information on calculators from that website.[in
 German]PPPP* abbpcllhome.vicnet.net.au/~wolff/calculators/PPPPxxxJohn
 Wolff’s Web Museum Calculating Machines A wonderfully detailed site by
 an expert collector with great mechanical insight into the workings of
 the extensive set of calculators listed.PPPP*
 abbpcllw1.131.telia.com/~u13101111/typewriters.htmlPPPPxxxSwedish
 Typewriters Site - listing of antique office calculators From the home
 page select the “The Collection” in the navigation bar on the left,
 and then scroll down to the RäKNEMASKINER / CALCULATORS
 section.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.ph-ludwigsburg.de/fileadmin/subsites/2e-imix-t-01/user_files/mmm/mmm_online/PPPPxxxMathematisches
 Maschinenemuseum Good historical summaries and a nice set of videos of
 machines in action.PPPP*abbpcllwww.mechrech.infoPPPPxxxBeiträge
 zur Geschichte des mechanischen Rechnens: Contributions to the History
 of Mechanical Calculation Good list of publications, books and
 historical articles dealing in particular with the history and
 internal workings of calculating machines. PPPP*
 abbpclled-thelen.org/comp-hist/on-line-docs.htmlPPPPxxxOnline
 documents A broad listing of useful links to documents covering the
 history of calculators.PPPP*
 abbpcllcalcollect.free.fr/machines/macha.htmPPPPxxxMichel Bardel’s
 list Tentative list of all existing mechanical machines since 1820,
 together with FAQs and serial numbers. An invaluable reference
 source.PPPP* abbpcllwww.thocp.net/timeline/1620.htmPPPPxxxHistory of
 Computer AntiquityPPPP* abbpcllbluemich.net/rechner/PPPPxxxMechanische
 Rechenhilfsmittel Mechanical Calculating Devices by Wolf G.
 Blümich (in German.)PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.madeasy.de/2/mathe.htmPPPPxxxMathematics site by Reiner
 Hoffmann in German.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.opticaliamuseum.com/drawing/PPPPxxxOpticalia Museum -
 museum menu is working, but the catalogue menu was still under
 construction in May 2012.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.mipaginapersonal.movistar.es/web3/calculating/LLIBRE%20JPG/INDEX%20SOLO.htm#alfaPPPPxxxÍndice
 de las Máquinas de Calcular a comprehensive survey site by Josep
 Balsach Peig, in Spanish.PPPP*
 abbpcllcalmeca.free.fr/calculmecanique_php/index_calmeca.php?lang=engPPPPxxxFrançois
 Babillot’s calculator website PPPPPPVV Manuals and InstructionsPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.rechenwerkzeug.de/default.htmPPPPxxxCalculator Manuals from
 Rechenwerkzeug.dePPPP*
 abbpcllwww.nicolamarras.it/calcolatoria/downloads_en.htmlPPPPxxxCalcolatoria
 downloadsPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.mathsinstruments.me.uk/page62.htmlPPPPxxxMathematical
 Instruments Catalogues and BrochuresPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.prehistoriadelainformatica.com/manuales-instructions/PPPPxxxPrehistoria
 de la Informatica Office CollectiblesPPPP*
 abbpcllusers.lewiston.com/ejorgens/office/miscellaneous/miscellaneous.htmlPPPPxxxMiscellaneous
 Manuals Pay site, but if you can’t get these elsewhere…PPPP*
 abbpcllofficemachinemanuals.com/catalog/miscellaneous.htmPPPPxxxOffice
 Machines America Pay site.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.mechanicalculator.com/manuals/PPPPxxxCollection of Kees
 Nagtegaal useful set of manuals for slide rules and the more common
 calculators.PPPP*
 abbpcllabbpcllwww.mccoys-kecatalogs.com/KEManuals/manuals.htmPPPPxxxKeuffel
 & Esser Slide Rule Manuals and Catalogues site by Clark
 McCoy.PPPPPPVV Specialist websitesPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.arithmometre.orgPPPPxxxValéry Monnier’s extraordinary
 and expert website on the Thomas de Colmar ArithmometerPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.ami19.org/Arithmetic MachinesPPPPxxxArithmetical Machines
 & Instruments / 19th century Valéry Monnier’s other set of
 images and details of some of the most rare and precious calculating
 machines of the C19 (in French and English). PPPP*
 abbpcllmortati.com/glusker/elecmech/refslinks.htmPPPPxxxElectromechanical
 calculating machines from the 1960’s includes extensive lists of other
 relevant links and books.PPPP*
 abbpcllajmdeman.awardspace.info/PPPPxxxOriginal documents on the
 History of CalculatorsPPPP* abbpcllwww.yvesserra.fr/PPPPxxxLe cabinet
 de curiosités d’Yves Serra  A nice presentation of information on
 early calculators (with particular attention to those of Pascale and
 Leibnitz).PPPP*
 abbpcllwww2.cruzio.com/~vagabond/ComptHome.htmlPPPPxxxComptometer
 Website Very authoritative website on the Felt & Tarrant
 Comptometer.PPPP* abbpcllwww.vcalc.net/PPPPxxxThe Calculator Reference
 Comprehensive coverage of abbpcllwww.vcalc.net/cu.htmPPPPxxxCurta,
 abbpcllwww.vcalc.net/hp.htmPPPPxxxHewlett Packard, and
 abbpcllwww.vcalc.net/ti.htmPPPPxxxTexas Instrument calculators. 
 Includes links to other sites and manuals.PPPP*
 abbpcllhome.comcast.net/~wtodhner/calcs.htmlPPPPxxxWilliam Ohdner’s
 site commemorating the Ohdner calculatorPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.xnumber.com/xnumber/cmisc_facit_page.htmPPPPxxxFacit Page
 by James Redin including a comprehensive list of models of the Facit
 calculators.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.xnumber.com/xnumber/facit_history.htmPPPPxxxHistory of the
 Facit Calculator by Christofer Nöring PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.taswegian.com/MOSCOW/soviet.htmlPPPPxxxMuseum of Soviet
 CalculatorsPPPP* abbpcllrk86.com/frolov/calcolle.htmPPPPxxxSoviet
 Calculators CollectionPPPP*
 abbpcllofficemachinemanuals.com/PPPPxxxOffice Machines Americana
 including a useful set of manuals.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.calculators.de/PPPPxxxMuseum of Pocket Calculating Devices
 mainly focussing on electronic pocket calculators.PPPP* https://plus.google.com/photos/103618537816338035609/albums?banner=pwaPPPPxxxJohn Huey’s
 Picasawebalbum with illustrations of a wide range of Addiator Troncet
 calculators.PPPPPPVV Gunter Scales & SectorsPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.rainerstumpe.de/HTML/erl01.htmlPPPPxxxGunter Works All
 about Gunter Scales and Sectors and how to use them (mostly in German
 but also in part in English)PPPPVV Slide RulesPPPP*
 abbpcllsliderulemuseum.com/PPPPxxxInternational Slide Rule MuseumPPPP*
 abbpcllsliderulemuseum.com/HSRC_Menu.htmPPPPxxxHerman van Herwijnen’s
 Slide Rule Catalogue “LITE”PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.hh.schule.de/metalltechnik-didaktik/museum/rechenschieber/scheiben/rs9.htmPPPPxxxRechenscheiber
 im Online-MuseumPPPP* abbpcllwww.sliderule.ca/PPPPxxxEric’s Slide Rule
 SitePPPP* abbpcllsliderule.ozmanor.com/index.htmlPPPPxxxGreg’s slide
 rulesPPPP* abbpcllwww.sliderules.infoPPPPxxxRobert Manley’s Slide Rule
 SitePPPP* abbpcllbluemich.net/rechner/rma21.htm#14PPPPxxxAnhang 2.1:
 Bedienungs- und Serviceanleitungen für Tabellen, Rechenschieber,
 -scheiben, -walzen und -skalen Instructions for many slide rules.PPPP*
 abbpclloughtred.org/PPPPxxxThe Oughtred SocietyPPPP*
 abbpcllsliderules.lovett.com/cookiedev/extendedlitsearch.htmlPPPPxxxScanned
 back issues of the Oughtred Society Journal and other publications An
 essential reference site for enthusiasts.  Access to the last five
 years publications requires a password and username to be provided by
 the
 Society.PPPP*abbpcllwww.rekeninstrumenten.nl/index.htmlPPPPxxxDutch
 Circle for Historical Calculating InstrumentsPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.hpmuseum.org/sliderul.htmPPPPxxxMuseum of HP Calculators
 History of Slide RulesPPPP*
 abbpcllwww.xnumber.com/xnumber/hp.htmPPPPxxxThe Death of the Slide
 Rule by James RedinPPPP* abbpcllwww.sliderule.it/PPPPxxxCollection of
 Giovanni BredaPPPP*
 abbpcllsliderulemuseum.com/SR_Links.htmPPPPxxxInternational Slide Rule
 Museum A survey site focussing primarily on slide rules with a wealth
 of links and other material including other related sites, and manuals
 and related material.  See also its helpful and comprehensive
 abbpcllsliderulemuseum.com/SR_Links.htmPPPPxxxlinks page.PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.svpal.org/~dickel/OK/OtisKing.htmlPPPPxxxOtis King’s Patent
 Calculator Specialist site focussing on the Otis King cylindrical
 sliderule.PPPP* abbpclllinealis.org/PPPPxxxlinealis.org “Un site
 consacré aux instruments du calcul manuel tels que les
 règles et cercles à calcul, les curseurs, abaques, machines
 à calculer tenant dans la main, planimètres et
 intégrateurs.”  PPPP*
 abbpcllwww.sphere.bc.ca/test/2archives.htmlPPPPThe Slide Rule Universe
 by Sphere research corporation.PPPPPPPPfarsome nasty examples of
 mediaeval torture chambers and dogs and cats and elephants and broils
 and gorgeous animals of all sorts measuring instruments of all
 sortsPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

(:ifend:)

bbpcllwww.bibnum.education.fr/calculinformatique/calcul/la-pascaline-la-«A0machine-qui-relève-du-défaut-de-la-mémoireA0»PPPPxxx”Lettre dédicatoire à Monseigneur le Chancelier sur le sujet de la machine nouvellement inventée par le Sieur B.P. pour faire toutes sortes d’opérations d’arithmétique, par un mouvement reglé, sans plume ny jettons avec un advis necessaire à ceux qui auront curiosité de voir ladite machine, & de s’en servir”, 1645.PPPP* Jacob Leupold, abbpcllmeta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Books/TheatrumArithmeticoGeometricum.pdfPPPPxxxTheatrum Arithmetico-Geometricum das ist: Schau-Platz der Rechen- und Mess-Kunst. . . . Christoph Zunkel, Leipzig, 1774 (first edition 1727). The best illustrated book on calculation and measurement published during the eighteenth century.PPPP* abbpcllebooks.library.cornell.edu/m/math/browse/title/a.phpPPPPxxxCornell University Library Historical Math Monographs. A wonderful collection of early mathematics books generally able to be read on line.PPPP* abbpcllwww.bibnum.education.fr/recherche/resultat/liste/PPPPxxxBibnum Classic scientific articles from before 1940 relevant to calculation, mathematics, and information science. Includes original documents from Pascale and Leibniz.PPPPPPVV Key websitesPPPPVV Survey websitesPPPP* abbpcllwww.rechnerlexikon.de/en/artikel/Main_PagePPPPxxxRechnerlexicon The leading and most comprehensive survey site for calculator specialists and collectors with information about almost every known mechanical calculator and a database of more than 23750 patents.PPPP* abbpcllwww.rechenmaschinen-illustrated.com/PPPPxxxRechenmaschinen-Illustrated: The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin, Die Rechenmaschinen, 1925, and translated into English as abbpcllwww.rechenmaschinen-illustrated.com/PPPPxxxErnst Martin, “The Calculating Machines”, MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute, USA, “History of Computing” series, 1992.PP PP* abbpcllwww.histoire-informatique.org/idx/PPPPxxxHistoire de l’Informatique Wide-ranging gallery of calculators and associated information. [in French] PPPP* abbpcllwww.rechenkasten.de/BueromaschinenLexikon/index.htmlPPPPxxxBüromaschinen Lexikon Published by Goeller-Verlag the annual office machines dictionary provided a comprehensive illustrated overview of common office equipment for the respective years. This site provides collectors with the information on calculators from that website.[in German]PPPP* abbpcllhome.vicnet.net.au/~wolff/calculators/PPPPxxxJohn Wolff’s Web Museum Calculating Machines A wonderfully detailed site by an expert collector with great mechanical insight into the workings of the extensive set of calculators listed.PPPP* abbpcllw1.131.telia.com/~u13101111/typewriters.htmlPPPPxxxSwedish Typewriters Site - listing of antique office calculators From the home page select the “The Collection” in the navigation bar on the left, and then scroll down to the RäKNEMASKINER / CALCULATORS section.PPPP* abbpcllwww.ph-ludwigsburg.de/fileadmin/subsites/2e-imix-t-01/user_files/mmm/mmm_online/PPPPxxxMathematisches Maschinenemuseum Good historical summaries and a nice set of videos of machines in action.PPPP*abbpcllwww.mechrech.infoPPPPxxxBeiträge zur Geschichte des mechanischen Rechnens: Contributions to the History of Mechanical Calculation Good list of publications, books and historical articles dealing in particular with the history and internal workings of calculating machines. PPPP* abbpclled-thelen.org/comp-hist/on-line-docs.htmlPPPPxxxOnline documents A broad listing of useful links to documents covering the history of calculators.PPPP* abbpcllcalcollect.free.fr/machines/macha.htmPPPPxxxMichel Bardel’s list Tentative list of all existing mechanical machines since 1820, together with FAQs and serial numbers. An invaluable reference source.PPPP* abbpcllwww.thocp.net/timeline/1620.htmPPPPxxxHistory of Computer AntiquityPPPP* abbpcllbluemich.net/rechner/PPPPxxxMechanische Rechenhilfsmittel Mechanical Calculating Devices by Wolf G. Blümich (in German.)PPPP* abbpcllwww.madeasy.de/2/mathe.htmPPPPxxxMathematics site by Reiner Hoffmann in German.PPPP* abbpcllwww.opticaliamuseum.com/drawing/PPPPxxxOpticalia Museum - museum menu is working, but the catalogue menu was still under construction in May 2012.PPPP* abbpcllwww.mipaginapersonal.movistar.es/web3/calculating/LLIBRE%20JPG/INDEX%20SOLO.htm#alfaPPPPxxxÍndice de las Máquinas de Calcular a comprehensive survey site by Josep Balsach Peig, in Spanish.PPPP* abbpcllcalmeca.free.fr/calculmecanique_php/index_calmeca.php?lang=engPPPPxxxFrançois Babillot’s calculator website PPPPPPVV Manuals and InstructionsPPPP* abbpcllwww.rechenwerkzeug.de/default.htmPPPPxxxCalculator Manuals from Rechenwerkzeug.dePPPP* abbpcllwww.nicolamarras.it/calcolatoria/downloads_en.htmlPPPPxxxCalcolatoria downloadsPPPP* abbpcllwww.mathsinstruments.me.uk/page62.htmlPPPPxxxMathematical Instruments Catalogues and BrochuresPPPP* abbpcllwww.prehistoriadelainformatica.com/manuales-instructions/PPPPxxxPrehistoria de la Informatica Office CollectiblesPPPP* abbpcllusers.lewiston.com/ejorgens/office/miscellaneous/miscellaneous.htmlPPPPxxxMiscellaneous Manuals Pay site, but if you can’t get these elsewhere…PPPP* abbpcllofficemachinemanuals.com/catalog/miscellaneous.htmPPPPxxxOffice Machines America Pay site.PPPP* abbpcllwww.mechanicalculator.com/manuals/PPPPxxxCollection of Kees Nagtegaal useful set of manuals for slide rules and the more common calculators.PPPP* abbpcllabbpcllwww.mccoys-kecatalogs.com/KEManuals/manuals.htmPPPPxxxKeuffel & Esser Slide Rule Manuals and Catalogues site by Clark McCoy.PPPPPPVV Specialist websitesPPPP* abbpcllwww.arithmometre.orgPPPPxxxValéry Monnier’s extraordinary and expert website on the Thomas de Colmar ArithmometerPPPP* abbpcllwww.ami19.org/Arithmetic MachinesPPPPxxxArithmetical Machines & Instruments / 19th century Valéry Monnier’s other set of images and details of some of the most rare and precious calculating machines of the C19 (in French and English). PPPP* abbpcllmortati.com/glusker/elecmech/refslinks.htmPPPPxxxElectromechanical calculating machines from the 1960’s includes extensive lists of other relevant links and books.PPPP* abbpcllajmdeman.awardspace.info/PPPPxxxOriginal documents on the History of CalculatorsPPPP* abbpcllwww.yvesserra.fr/PPPPxxxLe cabinet de curiosités d’Yves Serra A nice presentation of information on early calculators (with particular attention to those of Pascale and Leibnitz).PPPP* abbpcllwww2.cruzio.com/~vagabond/ComptHome.htmlPPPPxxxComptometer Website Very authoritative website on the Felt & Tarrant Comptometer.PPPP* abbpcllwww.vcalc.net/PPPPxxxThe Calculator Reference Comprehensive coverage of abbpcllwww.vcalc.net/cu.htmPPPPxxxCurta, abbpcllwww.vcalc.net/hp.htmPPPPxxxHewlett Packard, and abbpcllwww.vcalc.net/ti.htmPPPPxxxTexas Instrument calculators. Includes links to other sites and manuals.PPPP* abbpcllhome.comcast.net/~wtodhner/calcs.htmlPPPPxxxWilliam Ohdner’s site commemorating the Ohdner calculatorPPPP* abbpcllwww.xnumber.com/xnumber/cmisc_facit_page.htmPPPPxxxFacit Page by James Redin including a comprehensive list of models of the Facit calculators.PPPP* abbpcllwww.xnumber.com/xnumber/facit_history.htmPPPPxxxHistory of the Facit Calculator by Christofer Nöring PPPP* abbpcllwww.taswegian.com/MOSCOW/soviet.htmlPPPPxxxMuseum of Soviet CalculatorsPPPP* abbpcllrk86.com/frolov/calcolle.htmPPPPxxxSoviet Calculators CollectionPPPP* abbpcllofficemachinemanuals.com/PPPPxxxOffice Machines Americana including a useful set of manuals.PPPP* abbpcllwww.calculators.de/PPPPxxxMuseum of Pocket Calculating Devices mainly focussing on electronic pocket calculators.PPPP* https://plus.google.com/photos/103618537816338035609/albums?banner=pwaPPPPxxxJohn Huey’s Picasawebalbum with illustrations of a wide range of Addiator Troncet calculators.PPPPPPVV Gunter Scales & SectorsPPPP* abbpcllwww.rainerstumpe.de/HTML/erl01.htmlPPPPxxxGunter Works All about Gunter Scales and Sectors and how to use them (mostly in German but also in part in English)PPPPVV Slide RulesPPPP* abbpcllsliderulemuseum.com/PPPPxxxInternational Slide Rule MuseumPPPP* abbpcllsliderulemuseum.com/HSRC_Menu.htmPPPPxxxHerman van Herwijnen’s Slide Rule Catalogue “LITE”PPPP* abbpcllwww.hh.schule.de/metalltechnik-didaktik/museum/rechenschieber/scheiben/rs9.htmPPPPxxxRechenscheiber im Online-MuseumPPPP* abbpcllwww.sliderule.ca/PPPPxxxEric’s Slide Rule SitePPPP* abbpcllsliderule.ozmanor.com/index.htmlPPPPxxxGreg’s slide rulesPPPP* abbpcllwww.sliderules.infoPPPPxxxRobert Manley’s Slide Rule SitePPPP* abbpcllbluemich.net/rechner/rma21.htm#14PPPPxxxAnhang 2.1: Bedienungs- und Serviceanleitungen für Tabellen, Rechenschieber, -scheiben, -walzen und -skalen Instructions for many slide rules.PPPP* abbpclloughtred.org/PPPPxxxThe Oughtred SocietyPPPP* abbpcllsliderules.lovett.com/cookiedev/extendedlitsearch.htmlPPPPxxxScanned back issues of the Oughtred Society Journal and other publications An essential reference site for enthusiasts. Access to the last five years publications requires a password and username to be provided by the Society.PPPP*abbpcllwww.rekeninstrumenten.nl/index.htmlPPPPxxxDutch Circle for Historical Calculating InstrumentsPPPP* abbpcllwww.hpmuseum.org/sliderul.htmPPPPxxxMuseum of HP Calculators History of Slide RulesPPPP* abbpcllwww.xnumber.com/xnumber/hp.htmPPPPxxxThe Death of the Slide Rule by James RedinPPPP* abbpcllwww.sliderule.it/PPPPxxxCollection of Giovanni BredaPPPP* abbpcllsliderulemuseum.com/SR_Links.htmPPPPxxxInternational Slide Rule Museum A survey site focussing primarily on slide rules with a wealth of links and other material including other related sites, and manuals and related material. See also its helpful and comprehensive abbpcllsliderulemuseum.com/SR_Links.htmPPPPxxxlinks page.PPPP* abbpcllwww.svpal.org/~dickel/OK/OtisKing.htmlPPPPxxxOtis King’s Patent Calculator Specialist site focussing on the Otis King cylindrical sliderule.PPPP* abbpclllinealis.org/PPPPxxxlinealis.org “Un site consacré aux instruments du calcul manuel tels que les règles et cercles à calcul, les curseurs, abaques, machines à calculer tenant dans la main, planimètres et intégrateurs.” PPPP* abbpcllwww.sphere.bc.ca/test/2archives.htmlPPPPThe Slide Rule Universe by Sphere research corporation.PPPPPPPPfarsome nasty examples of mediaeval torture chambers and dogs and cats and elephants and broils and gorgeous animals of all sorts measuring instruments of all sortsPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/3.0/80x15.png This work by Jim Falk is licensed under a %rel=”license%Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License Click on the logo to the left to see the terms on which you can use it. Click here for other publications by the author.

(:if equal {Site.PrintBook$:PSW} "Dog":) This Ballast seems to enable me to overcome an error in PMWiki on this site which only allows 3 external links unless this amount of text (>10,967 characters including spaces) is present on the page. It is very weird. VV Early booksPPPP* John Napier, abbpcllmeta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Books/Rabdologiae_seu_numerationis_per_virgula.pdfPPPPxxxRabdologiae seu numerationis per vigula, 1628 (first published 1617).PPPP* Blaise Pascal, abbpcllwww.bibnum.education.fr/calculinformatique/calcul/la-pascaline-la-«A0machine-qui-relève-du-défaut-de-la-mémoireA0»PPPPxxx”Lettre dédicatoire à Monseigneur le Chancelier sur le sujet de la machine nouvellement inventée par le Sieur B.P. pour faire toutes sortes d’opérations d’arithmétique, par un mouvement reglé, sans plume ny jettons avec un advis necessaire à ceux qui auront curiosité de voir ladite machine, & de s’en servir”, 1645.PPPP* Jacob Leupold, abbpcllmeta-studies.net/pmwiki/uploads/Books/TheatrumArithmeticoGeometricum.pdfPPPPxxxTheatrum Arithmetico-Geometricum das ist: Schau-Platz der Rechen- und Mess-Kunst. . . . Christoph Zunkel, Leipzig, 1774 (first edition 1727). The best illustrated book on calculation and measurement published during the eighteenth century.PPPP* abbpcllebooks.library.cornell.edu/m/math/browse/title/a.phpPPPPxxxCornell University Library Historical Math Monographs. A wonderful collection of early mathematics books generally able to be read on line.PPPP* abbpcllwww.bibnum.education.fr/recherche/resultat/liste/PPPPxxxBibnum Classic scientific articles from before 1940 relevant to calculation, mathematics, and information science. Includes original documents from Pascale and Leibniz.PPPPPPVV Key websitesPPPPVV Survey websitesPPPP* abbpcllwww.rechnerlexikon.de/en/artikel/Main_PagePPPPxxxRechnerlexicon The leading and most comprehensive survey site for calculator specialists and collectors with information about almost every known mechanical calculator and a database of more than 23750 patents.PPPP* abbpcllwww.rechenmaschinen-illustrated.com/PPPPxxxRechenmaschinen-Illustrated: The most comprehensive listing of details about early calculating machines on the web. Based around the classic study Ernst Martin, Die Rechenmaschinen, 1925, and translated into English as abbpcllwww.rechenmaschinen-illustrated.com/PPPPxxxErnst Martin, “The Calculating Machines”, MIT Press and The Charles Babbage Institute, USA, “History of Computing” series, 1992.PP PP* abbpcllwww.histoire-informatique.org/idx/PPPPxxxHistoire de l’Informatique Wide-ranging gallery of calculators and associated information. [in French] PPPP* abbpcllwww.rechenkasten.de/BueromaschinenLexikon/index.htmlPPPPxxxBüromaschinen Lexikon Published by Goeller-Verlag the annual office machines dictionary provided a comprehensive illustrated overview of common office equipment for the respective years. This site provides collectors with the information on calculators from that website.[in German]PPPP* abbpcllhome.vicnet.net.au/~wolff/calculators/PPPPxxxJohn Wolff’s Web Museum Calculating Machines A wonderfully detailed site by an expert collector with great mechanical insight into the workings of the extensive set of calculators listed.PPPP* abbpcllw1.131.telia.com/~u13101111/typewriters.htmlPPPPxxxSwedish Typewriters Site - listing of antique office calculators From the home page select the “The Collection” in the navigation bar on the left, and then scroll down to the RäKNEMASKINER / CALCULATORS section.PPPP* abbpcllwww.ph-ludwigsburg.de/fileadmin/subsites/2e-imix-t-01/user_files/mmm/mmm_online/PPPPxxxMathematisches Maschinenemuseum Good historical summaries and a nice set of videos of machines in action.PPPP*abbpcllwww.mechrech.infoPPPPxxxBeiträge zur Geschichte des mechanischen Rechnens: Contributions to the History of Mechanical Calculation Good list of publications, books and historical articles dealing in particular with the history and internal workings of calculating machines. PPPP* abbpclled-thelen.org/comp-hist/on-line-docs.htmlPPPPxxxOnline documents A broad listing of useful links to documents covering the history of calculators.PPPP* abbpcllcalcollect.free.fr/machines/macha.htmPPPPxxxMichel Bardel’s list Tentative list of all existing mechanical machines since 1820, together with FAQs and serial numbers. An invaluable reference source.PPPP* abbpcllwww.thocp.net/timeline/1620.htmPPPPxxxHistory of Computer AntiquityPPPP* abbpcllbluemich.net/rechner/PPPPxxxMechanische Rechenhilfsmittel Mechanical Calculating Devices by Wolf G. Blümich (in German.)PPPP* abbpcllwww.madeasy.de/2/mathe.htmPPPPxxxMathematics site by Reiner Hoffmann in German.PPPP* abbpcllwww.opticaliamuseum.com/drawing/PPPPxxxOpticalia Museum - museum menu is working, but the catalogue menu was still under construction in May 2012.PPPP* abbpcllwww.mipaginapersonal.movistar.es/web3/calculating/LLIBRE%20JPG/INDEX%20SOLO.htm#alfaPPPPxxxÍndice de las Máquinas de Calcular a comprehensive survey site by Josep Balsach Peig, in Spanish.PPPP* abbpcllcalmeca.free.fr/calculmecanique_php/index_calmeca.php?lang=engPPPPxxxFrançois Babillot’s calculator website PPPPPPVV Manuals and InstructionsPPPP* abbpcllwww.rechenwerkzeug.de/default.htmPPPPxxxCalculator Manuals from Rechenwerkzeug.dePPPP* abbpcllwww.nicolamarras.it/calcolatoria/downloads_en.htmlPPPPxxxCalcolatoria downloadsPPPP* abbpcllwww.mathsinstruments.me.uk/page62.htmlPPPPxxxMathematical Instruments Catalogues and BrochuresPPPP* abbpcllwww.prehistoriadelainformatica.com/manuales-instructions/PPPPxxxPrehistoria de la Informatica Office CollectiblesPPPP* abbpcllusers.lewiston.com/ejorgens/office/miscellaneous/miscellaneous.htmlPPPPxxxMiscellaneous Manuals Pay site, but if you can’t get these elsewhere…PPPP* abbpcllofficemachinemanuals.com/catalog/miscellaneous.htmPPPPxxxOffice Machines America Pay site.PPPP* abbpcllwww.mechanicalculator.com/manuals/PPPPxxxCollection of Kees Nagtegaal useful set of manuals for slide rules and the more common calculators.PPPP* abbpcllabbpcllwww.mccoys-kecatalogs.com/KEManuals/manuals.htmPPPPxxxKeuffel & Esser Slide Rule Manuals and Catalogues site by Clark McCoy.PPPPPPVV Specialist websitesPPPP* abbpcllwww.arithmometre.orgPPPPxxxValéry Monnier’s extraordinary and expert website on the Thomas de Colmar ArithmometerPPPP* abbpcllwww.ami19.org/Arithmetic MachinesPPPPxxxArithmetical Machines & Instruments / 19th century Valéry Monnier’s other set of images and details of some of the most rare and precious calculating machines of the C19 (in French and English). PPPP* abbpcllmortati.com/glusker/elecmech/refslinks.htmPPPPxxxElectromechanical calculating machines from the 1960’s includes extensive lists of other relevant links and books.PPPP* abbpcllajmdeman.awardspace.info/PPPPxxxOriginal documents on the History of CalculatorsPPPP* abbpcllwww.yvesserra.fr/PPPPxxxLe cabinet de curiosités d’Yves Serra A nice presentation of information on early calculators (with particular attention to those of Pascale and Leibnitz).PPPP* abbpcllwww2.cruzio.com/~vagabond/ComptHome.htmlPPPPxxxComptometer Website Very authoritative website on the Felt & Tarrant Comptometer.PPPP* abbpcllwww.vcalc.net/PPPPxxxThe Calculator Reference Comprehensive coverage of abbpcllwww.vcalc.net/cu.htmPPPPxxxCurta, abbpcllwww.vcalc.net/hp.htmPPPPxxxHewlett Packard, and abbpcllwww.vcalc.net/ti.htmPPPPxxxTexas Instrument calculators. Includes links to other sites and manuals.PPPP* abbpcllhome.comcast.net/~wtodhner/calcs.htmlPPPPxxxWilliam Ohdner’s site commemorating the Ohdner calculatorPPPP* abbpcllwww.xnumber.com/xnumber/cmisc_facit_page.htmPPPPxxxFacit Page by James Redin including a comprehensive list of models of the Facit calculators.PPPP* abbpcllwww.xnumber.com/xnumber/facit_history.htmPPPPxxxHistory of the Facit Calculator by Christofer Nöring PPPP* abbpcllwww.taswegian.com/MOSCOW/soviet.htmlPPPPxxxMuseum of Soviet CalculatorsPPPP* abbpcllrk86.com/frolov/calcolle.htmPPPPxxxSoviet Calculators CollectionPPPP* abbpcllofficemachinemanuals.com/PPPPxxxOffice Machines Americana including a useful set of manuals.PPPP* abbpcllwww.calculators.de/PPPPxxxMuseum of Pocket Calculating Devices mainly focussing on electronic pocket calculators.PPPP* https://plus.google.com/photos/103618537816338035609/albums?banner=pwaPPPPxxxJohn Huey’s Picasawebalbum with illustrations of a wide range of Addiator Troncet calculators.PPPPPPVV Gunter Scales & SectorsPPPP* abbpcllwww.rainerstumpe.de/HTML/erl01.htmlPPPPxxxGunter Works All about Gunter Scales and Sectors and how to use them (mostly in German but also in part in English)PPPPVV Slide RulesPPPP* abbpcllsliderulemuseum.com/PPPPxxxInternational Slide Rule MuseumPPPP* abbpcllsliderulemuseum.com/HSRC_Menu.htmPPPPxxxHerman van Herwijnen’s Slide Rule Catalogue “LITE”PPPP* abbpcllwww.hh.schule.de/metalltechnik-didaktik/museum/rechenschieber/scheiben/rs9.htmPPPPxxxRechenscheiber im Online-MuseumPPPP* abbpcllwww.sliderule.ca/PPPPxxxEric’s Slide Rule SitePPPP* abbpcllsliderule.ozmanor.com/index.htmlPPPPxxxGreg’s slide rulesPPPP* abbpcllwww.sliderules.infoPPPPxxxRobert Manley’s Slide Rule SitePPPP* abbpcllbluemich.net/rechner/rma21.htm#14PPPPxxxAnhang 2.1: Bedienungs- und Serviceanleitungen für Tabellen, Rechenschieber, -scheiben, -walzen und -skalen Instructions for many slide rules.PPPP* abbpclloughtred.org/PPPPxxxThe Oughtred SocietyPPPP* abbpcllsliderules.lovett.com/cookiedev/extendedlitsearch.htmlPPPPxxxScanned back issues of the Oughtred Society Journal and other publications An essential reference site for enthusiasts. Access to the last five years publications requires a password and username to be provided by the Society.PPPP*abbpcllwww.rekeninstrumenten.nl/index.htmlPPPPxxxDutch Circle for Historical Calculating InstrumentsPPPP* abbpcllwww.hpmuseum.org/sliderul.htmPPPPxxxMuseum of HP Calculators History of Slide RulesPPPP* abbpcllwww.xnumber.com/xnumber/hp.htmPPPPxxxThe Death of the Slide Rule by James RedinPPPP* abbpcllwww.sliderule.it/PPPPxxxCollection of Giovanni BredaPPPP* abbpcllsliderulemuseum.com/SR_Links.htmPPPPxxxInternational Slide Rule Museum A survey site focussing primarily on slide rules with a wealth of links and other material including other related sites, and manuals and related material. See also its helpful and comprehensive abbpcllsliderulemuseum.com/SR_Links.htmPPPPxxxlinks page.PPPP* abbpcllwww.svpal.org/~dickel/OK/OtisKing.htmlPPPPxxxOtis King’s Patent Calculator Specialist site focussing on the Otis King cylindrical sliderule.PPPP* abbpclllinealis.org/PPPPxxxlinealis.org “Un site consacré aux instruments du calcul manuel tels que les règles et cercles à calcul, les curseurs, abaques, machines à calculer tenant dans la main, planimètres et intégrateurs.” PPPP* abbpcllwww.sphere.bc.ca/test/2archives.htmlPPPPThe Slide Rule Universe by Sphere research corporation.PPPPPPPPfarsome nasty examples of mediaeval torture chambers and dogs and cats and elephants and broils and gorgeous animals of all sorts measuring instruments of all sortsPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP (:ifend:)

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