(:title A collection of things that count:)
(:table class=pictures width=100% align=left class=border cwidth=8:)
The objects below comprise "Collection Calculant" - a collection of "things that count". (**Click on photos to enlarge; click on text for fuller item description**.)

For a more detailed [[Site.ObjectsInTheCollection|**collection objects list click here**]].  For their  [[Site.Part1BeforeTheModernEpoch|**story in context of a history of calculation click here**]].

!!Objects

!!!1. Beginnings

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:AkkadianReceipt1.jpg
[[Site.CuneiformReceipt|Neo Sumerian\\receipt for\\ghee & cheese\\
2100-2000 BC]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Tag1.jpg
[[Site.CuneiformTag|Old Babylonian\\tag receipt for\\sheep carcases\\
1934-1924 BC]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Abacus.jpg
[[Site.Abacus|Abacus\\Chinese]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:RomanDiceW.jpg
[[Site.Dice|Dice\\Ancient Rome\\000-300]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:astralgus_conv_upW.jpg
[[Site.Astragalus|Astragalus\\Ancient Rome\\100-200]]

(:cellnr:)%newwin%Mini:Jeton1480-1Side.jpg
[[Site.Jetton1480|French\\
jeton\\
~1480]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Calculi1.jpg
[[Site.Calculi1577|Calculi\\Ordinum Belgii\\1577]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:NapiersBonesContempW600.jpg
[[Site.NapiersBones1617|Napier's Bones\\
replica\\
'1617']]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Schickard1.jpg
[[Site.Schickard1623|Schickard\\
replica\\
'1623']]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:PA_1.jpg
[[Site.Pascaline1652|Pascaline\\
exemplar\\
'~1650']]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:th00---PAD_1.jpg.jpg
[[Site.DresdenPascaline1652|Queen of Poland \\Pascaline\\
replica\\
'~1650']]

(:cellnr:)%newwin%Mini:Henrion.png
[[Site.Henrion1626|Henrion\\
Traicté de\\Logarithms \\
1626]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Schott_3.jpg
[[Site.Schott1168|Schott\\
Organum\\Mathematicum \\
1668]]


(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Morland2.png
[[Site.Morland1672|Morland\\
New arithmetic\\instruments \\
1672]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Gardiner.png
[[Site.Gardiner1783|Callet\\
Tables\\Portatives\\
1783]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Ropp.jpg
[[Site.Ropp1892|Ropp\\
Commercial\\Calculator \\
1892]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Blank.jpg

(:tableend:)


(:table class=pictures width=100% align=left class=border cwidth=2:)
!!!2. Conversion and Reckoner Devices

(:cellnr:)%newwin%Mini:HolmBox1_50pc.gif
[[Site.Holm1793|Holm's\\Tobacco Box\\for calculating\\ship's speed\\Pietr Holms\\1793]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Convertiseur.png
[[Site.CHAIX1790|Convertiseur\\
Chaix \\
1790-1810]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Brooks1.jpg
[[L.Brooks1849|Circular\\interest\\reckoner\\
L. Brooks \\
1849]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Morill1.jpg
[[Site.JBMorill1856|Cylindrical\\multiplication\\reckoner\\
J. B. Morill \\
1856]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Blank.jpg

(:tableend:)



(:table class=pictures width=100% align=left class=border cwidth=8:)
!!!3. Sectors


(:cellnr:)%newwin%Mini:ButterfieldSector.png
[[Site.ButterfieldSector1700|Gunnery Sector\\
Butterfield\\
1675-1715]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:DoublettSector.png
[[Site.DoublettSector1830|Arch. Sector\\
Doublett \\
1830]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Dividers.jpg
[[Site.DividersC18|Dividers\\
English \\
~1750 & ~1800]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:JefferysPrint.jpg
[[Site.Jefferys1750-1800|Instruments\\
Jefferys \\
1750-1800]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:HenriMorin.jpg
[[Site.HenriMorin1880|Instruments\\
Henri Morin\\
1880]]

(:tableend:)

(:table class=pictures width=100% align=left class=border cwidth=8:)
!!!4. Slide Rules

(:cellnr:)%newwin%Mini:Leupold1727RechenKunstW2.jpg
[[Site.ThreeSlideRuleDesigns1727|3 Log rulers\\
design\\
Leupold \\
1626-1676]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:GunterHenrion.jpg
[[Site.GunterHenrion1626|Design\\
Gunter \\
scale\\
1626]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:GunterRule2.jpg
[[Site.GunterRule1836|Gunter \\
rule\\
1831-1843]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Everard.jpg
[[Site.Everard1759|Everard pattern\\
gauger's slide rule\\
Edward Roberts\\
1759-69]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:JosephLong1821W.jpg
[[Site.JosephLong1821-84|Alcohol strength\\
slide rule\\
Joseph Long\\
1821-84]]


(:cellnr:)%newwin%Mini:PalmerCS1.jpg
[[Site.PalmersComputingScale1846 |Palmer's\\
Computing Scale\\
& Fuller's\\Time Telegraph\\
1847]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Charpentier.jpg
[[Site.CalculimCharpentier1881|Charpentier\\
Calculimètre\\
circular slide\\rule\\1881]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Tavernier1.jpg
[[Site.TavernierGravet1893-8|Engineer's\\
slide rule\\
Tavernier-Gravet\\
1893-8]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Thacher.jpg
[[Site.Thacher1911|Thacher's \\
Calculating\\Instrument\\
Keuffel and Esser\\
1911]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Blank.jpg

(:cellnr:)%newwin%Mini:Bloch1.jpg
[[Site.BlochSchnellkalkulator1924|Bloch\\Schnellkalkulator \\cutting speed\\
nomograph\\
~1924]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:FullerW300.jpg
[[Site.Fuller1926|Prof Fuller's\\
Cylindrical\\Slide Rule\\
Model 2\\
1926]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:KE1908.jpg
[[Site.KeuffelAndEsser1928|Side rule\\
Keuffel and Esser\\
1928]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:SUPREMATHIC.jpg
[[Site.Supremathic1935|Supremathic\\Circular slide rule\\
~1935]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Zeitermittler2.jpg
[[Site.DerZeitermittler1947|Der Zeitermittler\\cutting speed\\nomograph\\
1947]]

(:cellnr:)%newwin%Mini:CuttingSpeedCalcW2.jpg
[[Site.Lawrence1948|Lawrence \\
cutting speed\\
calculator\\
1948]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Fowler.jpg
[[Site.Fowler1948|Fowler \\
Jubilee Magnum\\
circular slide rule\\
1948]]


(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:OtisKing.png
[[Site.OtisKing1960|Otis King \\
Rotary Slide Rule\\
Type L C\\
1960]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:RussianCircular.jpg
[[Site.KL11960s|Russian\\
Pocket\\Slide Rule\\
1960s]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:FaberCastellDuplex.png
[[Site.FaberCastell1967|Novo Duplex \\
slide rule\\
Faber Castell\\
1967]]


(:tableend:)

(:table class=pictures width=100% align=left class=border cwidth=8:)
!!!5. Simple adder/subtractors

(:cellnr:)%newwin%Mini:PA_1.jpg
[[Site.Pascaline1652|Pascaline\\replica\\(gears &\\lever carry)\\'~1652']]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Webb.jpg
[[Site.Webb1869|Webb\\Patent Adder\\(geared dials)\\
C. H. Webb\\
1869]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:WebbAdder1889.jpg
[[Site.Webb1889|Webb\\Patent Adder\\(geared dials)\\
C. H. Webb\\
1889]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Stevenson.png
[[Site.Stevenson1890|Stephenson\\(geared dials)\\
Adder\\
1890-1900]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Locke.gif
[[Site.Locke1901|Locke\\(sliders)\\
Clarence E. Locke \\
1905-11]]

(:cellnr:)%newwin%Mini:Adall.jpg
[[Site.Adall1910|Adall\\(concentric disc)\\
Adall Company\\
1910]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:SeidelNaumann.jpg
[[Site.SeidelAmpNaumann1910|Seidell &\\
Naumann\\
(chain)\\
~1910]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Comptator.png
[[Site.Comptator1910|Comptator\\(rack)\\
Schubert & Salzer\\
1910-20s]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Calcumeter.jpg
[[Site.1908Calcumeter|Calcumeter\\(geared dials)\\
James Walsh\\
~1912]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:GoldenGem.jpg
[[Site.GoldenGem1915|Golden Gem\\(chain)\\
Automatic Adding\\Machine Co\\
1915]]

(:cellnr:)%newwin%Mini:Addiator.png
[[Site.Addiator1920|Addiator\\(sliders)\\
Addiator\\Gesellschaft\\
1920]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Addo.jpeg
[[Site.Addo1920|Addo Mod 2\\(rack)\\
AB Addo\\
1920]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Conto2.jpg
[[Site.Conto1922|Conto Mod C\\(rotating knobs\\& gears)\\
Carl Landolt\\
1922]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Scribola.jpg
[[Site.Scribola1922|Scribola\\(rack printing)\\
Ruthard & Co.\\
1922]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Quixsum.gif
[[Site.Quixsum1930|Quixsum\\(rotating dials)\\
Precision Adding\\
Machine Co.\\
1930]]

(:cellnr:)%newwin%Mini:AddOMatic1.jpg
[[Site.Add-O-Matic1937|Add-O-Matic\\(knobbed sliders)\\
Allied Manuf. Co.\\
1937]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Lightning.png
[[Site.Lightning1946 |Lightening\\Adder\\(gears)\\
1946]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:OJAdder.jpg
[[Site.OJAdder1952|O.J. Adder\\(gears)\\Holman\\Engineering\\1952]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:SEE-2.jpg
[[Site.SEE1968|SEE Educational\\(gears)\\Select. Educ.\\Equipment Co.\\1968]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Blank.jpg


(:tableend:)

(:table class=pictures width=100% align=left class=border cwidth=2:)
!!!6. Early keyboard operated adders

(:cellnr:)%newwin%Mini:SpaldingW800.jpg
[[Site.Spalding1884|Spalding\\(lever keyboard)\\
Cyrus G. Spalding,\\Boston\\
1884]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:CentigraphW.jpg
[[Site.Centigraph1891|Centigraph\\(lever keyboard)\\
American Adding\\Machine Co.\\
1891]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Adix.png
[[Site.Adix1903|Adix\\(lever keyboard)\\
Adix Co. Mannheim\\
1903]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:AdderW.jpg
[[Site.Adder1908|The Adder\\(lever keyboard)\\
Arthur James Postans\\
~1908]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Kuli50pcWeb.jpg
[[Site.Kuli1909|Kuli\\(lever keyboard)\\
Adix Co. Mannheim\\
~1909]]



(:tableend:)


(:table class=pictures width=100% align=left class=border cwidth=8:)
!!!7. Stepped-drum Arithmometers

(:cellnr:)%newwin%Mini:ThomasDeColmar.jpg
[[Site.ThomasDeColmar1884 |Thomas\\de Colmar\\
Arithmometer\\
1884]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:TIM.jpg
[[Site.TIM1909|TIM\\'Time is Money'\\Ludwig\\Spitz & Co\\1909]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Bunzel.jpg
[[Site.BunzelPrototype1913|Bunzel-Denton\\Prototype\\Arithmometer\\~1913]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:MADAS-1917.jpg
[[Site.Madas-IX-Maxima|MADAS Maxima\\(auto division)\\Arithmometer\\~1917]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Blank.jpg

(:tableend:)

(:table class=pictures width=100% align=left class=border cwidth=2:)
!!!8. Direct Multiplying  & Proportional Rack Calculators

(:cellnr:)%newwin%Mini:Schickard1.jpg
[[Site.Schickard1623|Schickard\\
replica\\(gear adding\\& Napier rods\\system)\\
'1623']]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:BambergerOmega.png
[[Site.BambergerOmega1904 |Bamberger\\Omega\\
(sliders adding\\& Napier rods\\system)\\
1904]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Millionair.png
[[Site.Millionaire1912 |Millionaire\\Calculating Machine\\
(rack & rigid\\multiplication\\table)\\
1912]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Mercedes.png
[[Site.Mercedes291923 |Mercedes-Euklid\\Mod 29\\
(Prop. rack,\\auto.division)\\
1923]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:MercedesDemo.png
[[Site.Mercedes29Demonstrator1923 |Mercedes-Euklid\\Mod 29\\
Demo.\\Machine\\
1923]]

(:tableend:)

(:table class=pictures width=100% align=left class=border cwidth=8:)
!!!9. Pinwheel Calculators

(:cellnr:)%newwin%Mini:Brunsviga1896.png
[[Site.BrunsvigaSchuster1896 |Brunsviga-\\Schuster\\Ohdner B\\
~1896]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Facit.png
[[Site.Facit1945|Facit\\Mod C\\
1945]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:FacitLX.jpg
[[Site.Facit1950|Facit\\Mod LX\\
1950]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Ohdner1951.jpg
[[Site.OriginalOhdner39-1951|Original\\Ohdner\\Mod 39\\
1951]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Blank.jpg

(:cellnr:)%newwin%Mini:Walther.png
[[Site.Walther1957|Walther\\WSR-160\\
~1957]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:WaltherDemo.png
[[Site.Walther1957|Demo.\\Walther\\WSR-160\\
~1957]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Blank.jpg

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Blank.jpg

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Blank.jpg

(:tableend:)

(:table class=pictures width=100% align=left class=border cwidth=2:)
!!!10. Comptometers

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:ComptometerWoodie.png
[[Site.ComptometerWoodie1896|'Woodie'\\Comptometer\\Felt and Tarrant\\
1896]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:ComptometerOilBottle.png
[[Site.ComptometerOilBottle1907|Oil Bottle\\Comptometer\\Felt and Tarrant\\
1907]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Sumlock.png
[[Site.SumlockComptometer1950s|Bell Sumlock\\Comptometer\\Bell Punch P/Ltd\\1950s]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:BellPunchDemo.png
[[Site.SumlockDemonstrator1955|Bell Punch\\Demo.\\Components from\\
~1955]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Blank.jpg

(:tableend:)

(:table class=pictures width=100% align=left class=border cwidth=2:)
!!!11. Curta and Alpina (step drum miniaturised calculators)

(:cellnr:)%newwin%Mini:Curta1-1948.png
[[Site.Curta-1-1948|Curta\\Type 1\\very early\\pin sliders\\
1947]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Curta1-1967.png
[[Site.Curta-1-1967|Curta\\Type 1\\orig Box\\
1967]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Curta2.png
[[Site.Curta-2-1963|Curta\\Type 2\\Leather carrying\\case\\
1963]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Alpina.jpg
[[Site.Alpina-1961|Alpina\\step-drum\\& Case\\
1961]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Blank.jpg

(:tableend:)

(:table class=pictures width=100% align=left class=border cwidth=2:)
!!!12. From electromechanical to electronic calculation

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:HerzstarkArithmometer.png
[[Site.Hertstark1929|Hertstark badged\\(electric step drum)\\Badenia Mod TE 13 \\Duplex\\
1929]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:MADAS_Smaller.png
[[Site.MADAS1950-60s|MADAS\\(electric step drum)\\Model 20BTG \\
1950s-60s]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Blank.jpg

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Blank.jpg

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Blank.jpg

(:cellnr:)%newwin%Mini:HP35.jpg
[[Site.HP-35-1972|Hewlett Packard\\HP-35\\Scientific\\Pocket\\Calculator\\
July 1972]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:HP-45.jpg
[[Site.HP-45-1973|Hewlett Packard\\HP-45\\Scientific\\Pocket\\Calculator\\
December 1973]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:HP-65-15pc.jpg
[[Site.HP-65-1973|Hewlett Packard\\HP-65\\Scientific\\Pocket\\Calculator\\
August 1973]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Blank.jpg

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Blank.jpg


(:tableend:)

!!Ephemerae

(:table class=pictures width=100% align=left class=border cwidth=8:)

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:PA_Diderot.jpg
[[Site.Diderot1759|\\Pascaline\\ Mechanism\\Encyclopaedia\\Diderot &\\ D'Alembert\\
1759]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:NapiersBonesInlandW2.jpg
[[Site.EncyclopediaBritannica1797 |\\Napier's\\Rods\\Encyclopaedia\\Britannica\\1797]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Scheutz1855.jpg
[[Site.Scheutz1855 |\\Scheutz's\\Difference\\Engine\\Illust. Lond. News\\1855]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:BolleeW3.jpg
[[Site.Bollee1890 |\\Léon Bollée’s\\Calculating\\Machine\\Manuf. & Build.\\1890]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:LightningBooklet.png
[[Site.LightningBooklet2 |\\Lightening\\Calculator\\No 2.\\1895]]

(:cellnr:)%newwin%Mini:Rechenmaschinen2.jpg
[[Site.Rechenmachinen1901|\\3 Calculating\\Machines\\Wood Print\\Bib. Inst. Leipzig\\1901]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Rechenmaschinen1.jpg
[[Site.Rechenmachinen1901|\\5 Calculating\\Machines\\Wood Print\\Bib. Inst. Leipzig\\1901]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:HertzstarkAd1913.jpg
[[Site.Hertzstark1913|\\"Austria”\\Calculating\\Machine\\ Hertztark Co.\\1913]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:ComptometerOperatingMan1921.jpg
[[Site.ComptometerManual1921|\\Comptometer\\Manual\\Felt & Tarrant\\1921]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Blank.jpg

(:cellnr:)%newwin%Mini:MonroeMarchingFigures1937.jpg
[[Site.Monro1937|\\Monroe\\"Marching\\Figures"\\Advertisement\\1937]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:HP35AdvW3.jpg
[[HP-ScientificAmerican1973|\\HP-35\\Calculator\\Advertisement\\Scientific\\American\\1973]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:HP45AdvW3.jpg
[[HP-ScientificAmerican1973|\\HP-45\\Calculator\\Advertisement\\Scientific\\American\\1973]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:300y1W.jpg
[[Site.ACalculatorChronicle1990 |\\"A Calculator\\Chronicle"\\300 Years\\of Counting\\IBM Exhibition\\1990]]

(:cell:)%newwin%Mini:Blank.jpg

(:tableend:)